SCIENCE

Biology

The study of life.

Etymology of Biology

Derived from the Greek words 'Bio' (meaning life) and 'logos' (meaning study).

Origin of Life

Organisms are believed to have spontaneously formed in the oceans approximately 3.8 billion years ago.

Importance of Biology

Helps understand living organisms, their environment, and interactions.

Zoology

The study of animals.

Botany

The study of plants.

Microbiology

The study of microorganisms.

Taxonomy

The naming and classifying of organisms.

Ecology

The relationships of organisms in their environment.

The Scientific Method Steps

Observation, Gather Data, Hypothesis, Experimentation, Analyze Data, Conclusion.

Cell Theory

All living organisms are composed of cells, they are the basic unit of structure and function, and arise from preexisting cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Simpler, smaller cells without membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic Cells

Larger, more complex cells with membrane-bound organelles and a true nucleus.

Microscope Anatomy

Consists of mechanical parts, illuminating parts, and magnifying parts.

Cell Membrane

A double-layered membrane regulating the entrance and exit of substances.

Mitochondrion

Known as the 'Powerhouse of the cell', it produces energy in the form of ATP.

Vesicles

Small fluid-filled structures that carry substances in and out of the cell.

Louis Pasteur

Developed vaccines and invented pasteurization.

Gregor Mendel

Conducted experiments on pea plants leading to the understanding of genetic transmission.

Charles Darwin

Studied organisms to formulate theories of evolution.

James Watson & Francis Crick

Elucidated the double-helix structure of DNA.

Cell Theory Core Tenets

All organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Cell Wall

Rigid structure outside the cell membrane in plants.

Ribosomes

Synthesize proteins.

Lysosomes

Contain digestive enzymes for intracellular digestion.

Nucleoid

Region where prokaryotic DNA is located, unbound by a membrane.