cell functions

cell (plasma) membrane

boundary between cell and its environment, flexible, made up of lipid bilayer, selectively permeable

Cell wall

only in plants, boundary outside cell membrane, rigid, protects from turger pressure, gives shape to cell, composed of cellulose

Nucleus

manages cell function

Nuclear membrane

nuclear pores allow for materials to pass between nucleus and rest of cell

Nucleoplasm

liquid like substance in nucleus contains genetic material

Nucleolus

production of ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Fluid inside the cell that surrounds organelles, free ribosomes found here

Endoplasmic reticulum

Folded system of membrane which provide a large surface area for chemical reactions to take place

Smooth ER

no ribosomes, lipid synthesis

Rough ER

attached ribosomes, protein synthesis

Golgi apparatus

stacked, flattened, membrane sacs, receives assembled proteins and lipids from ER and distributes them in vesicles to plasma membrane or cell parts

when ribosomes are involved what are we talking about?

protein synthesis

Vacuole

fluid sac used for storage of materials, stores food, enzymes, and other materials. (large in plant, small and numerous in animal)

Ribosomes

site of protein synthesis, found in cytoplasm and attached to rough ER

Lysosomes

contains digestive enzymes, digests worn-out cell parts, fights invading bacteria and viruses, the membrane surrounding it prevents it from destroying itself, first immune system defense

mitochondria

food molecules broken down to release energy, has an inner membrane (cristae)

Chloroplasts

transforms light into glucose (a usable form), contains chlorophyll which helps trap light energy, is green

cytoskeleton

composed of tiny rods and filaments that form framework of cell, provides support for organelles

Centrioles

only in animal cells, helps form spindle fibers which aid during mitosis and meiosis (cell division)

Cilia

short, hair like projections, occur in large numbers, wave like movement, used for locomotion (animals)

Flagella

long, tail like projection, one or two per cell, whip like movement, used for locomotion (animals)

luecoplasts

found in roots and seeds, colorless, not exposed to light

chromoplasts

found in petals, and fruit, carotene, xanthophyll

chloroplasts

found in leaves, chlorophyll

Plastids

plant organelle used for storage, named according to pigments