Acid - Base balance

Newborn baby’s body weight is about __ water

75%

Young men average

55% to 60% water

obese and elderly people as little as __

45% by by weight

More white adipose tissue means

Tissue less hydrated

Major fluid compartments of the body

Intracellular (ICF) 65%

Extracellular (ECF) 35%

• tissue fluid

• blood plasma and lymphatic fluid

• transcellular fluid “catch all” category

Transcellular fluid

• cerebralspinal, synovial, peritoneal, pleural, pericardial fluids

• Vitreous and aqueous humors of the eye

  • Bile and fluids of the digestive, urinary, reproductive tracts

Fluid continually exchanged between …

compartments

water moves by …

osmosis

Because water moves so easily through membranes

osmotic gradients never lasting

If imbalance arises..

osmosis restores balance within seconds

• so the intracellular and extracellular osmolarity are equal

If osmolarity of the tissue fluid rises …

water moves out of the cell

If osmolarity of the tissue fluid falls …

water moves into the cell

Osmosis form one fluid compartment to another is determined by…

the relative concentrations of solutes in each compartment

• electrolytes

• sodium

• potassium

electrolytes

the most abundant solute particles, by far

Sodium

sals in ECF

Potassium

Salts in ICF

Electrolytes play the principal role in…

governing the body’s water distribution and tootla water content

one of the mot important aspects of hemostasis

acid - base balance

Metabolism depends on ..

enzymes

enzymes are sensitive to..

pH

• need right pH level for enzyme to work properly

Slight deviation formt he normal pH can …

• Slight deviation form the normal pH can sht down the entire metabolic pathways

• Slight devation from normal pH can alter the strucutre and function of macro moleculs

pH of a solution is determined solely by..

its hydrogen ions ( H+)