Appendicular Skeleton

The upper limbs/superior extremities are also known as…

pectoral appendages

What do the pectoral appendages attach to? Where and how?

They attach to the rib cage by ligaments in a region called the shoulder girdle or pectoral.

Lower limbs/inferior extremities are also known as…

pelvic appendages.

What do the pelvic appendages fuse to? What is this region called?

The pelvic appendages fuse to the sacrum in a region called the pelvic girdle.

What is this region called?

pectoral girdle

What bone is this?

clavicle

What bone is this?

scapula

The bones of the pectoral girdle are ____ and flexible compared to the pelvic girdle.

lightweight

What forms the pectoral girdle

The clavicle and scapula

Which bone in the pectoral girdle is a long curved bone that runs parallel to the first rib?

clavicle

What is another name of the clavicle?

collarbone

Which bone in the pectoral girdle is a flat triangular bone with a blade like medial surface that is parallel to the vertebral column?

scapula

What is another name for the scapula?

shoulder blade

What is the acromion process?

A large, curved outgrowth that articulates with the clavicle

What is this?

acromion process

What bone is this?

humerus

What is the longest bone on the upper arm?

humerus

What does the humerus articulate with?

the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Features of the humerus

tubercules located near the head and deltoid tuberosity

What do the tubercles of the humerus provide?

important muscle attachment points for arm movement

What bone is this?

radius

What bone is the shorter of the two forearm bones?

radius

When the palm of the hand is facing up, where does the radius lie?

lateral and parallel to the ulna

What bone forms a large articulation with the wrist and is responsible for rotating the hand?

radiusWhat

What bone is this?

ulna

What bone is the longer of the two forearm bones?

ulna

What does the ulna form and where does it attach?

it forms the elbow joint with the humerus and attaches to the little finger

What is the yellow?

trochlear notch

What is the crescent shaped notch on the proximal end of the ulna?

trochlear notch

What does the trochlear notch articulate with?

humerus

What is this?

olecranon

What is the proximal extremity of the ulna?

olecranon process

What does the olecranon process form?

the hard pointy part of the elbow

The olecranon process is an important muscle attachment point for…

lower-arm movement

What bones are these?

carpals

The carpals are a double row of ____ articulated bones.

8

What does the carpals articulate with?

the radius

What is in the proximal row of the hand?

scaphoid, lunate, triangular, and pisiform bones

The scaphoid is ____ to the radius

distal

The lunate articulates with the ____.

ulna

The small hard bump that is at the base of the wrist under the pinky finger is the…

pisiform

What row of carpals articulates with the metacarpals?

distal row

What is in the distal row?

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

What carpal articulates with the first metacarpal? what does it move?

trapezium; the thumb

What bones are these?

metacarpals

What articulates with the distal carpals and phalanges

metacarpals

What are these?

phalanges

What are these?

proximal phalanges

What are these?

intermediate phalanges

What are these?

distal phalanges

What do the phalanges make up?

the finger bones

Each finger has how many phalanges?

3 with the exception of the thumb

Each ____ phalange has a flattened end that helps form the fingertips.

distal

____ bones brace the body to the lower extremities.

pelvic

What are the three bones that make up the pelvic girdle?

ilium, ischium, and pubis

What bone is this?

ilium

What bone is this?

ischium

What bone is this?

pubis

Pelvic bones are ____ at birth.

separate

What is the upper bone of the pelvic girdle?

ilium

What is the lower bone of the pelvic girdle?

ischium

What is the lower front bone is the pelvic girdle?

pubis

What is this?

pubic symphysis

Where does each set of pelvic bones meet?

at an articulation on the public bones, known as the pubis symphysis

What is this?

obturator foramen

What is the name of the two large openings present on the floor of the pelvic girdle between the ischium and pubis?

obturator foramen

The obturator foramen forms a passageway for…

major blood vessels and nerves

Male obturator foramen.

large and ovan

Female obturator foramen.

smaller and somewhat triangular

What is this?

acetabulum

What is the name of the deep socket depression on the pelvic girdle that forms an articulation with the head of the femur?

acetabulum

What is this?

pubic arch

Is this public arch male or female?

male

Is this public arch male or female?

female

How is the angle of the pubic arch formed?

it is formed by the dorsal union of the pubic bones

Male pubic arch.

sharp angle and iliac bones are more parallel

Female pubic arch.

wide arch and the iliac bones flair outward

What bone is this?

femur

What is the longest and strongest bone of the bone?

femur

What does the femur support?

much of the body’s standing weight

The ____ end of the femur is large, rounded head that projects into the acetabulum to form the ball and socket joint of the pelvic girdle.

proximal

The head and neck of the ____ are specially arched to handle stress and strain of carrying weight of the body.

femur

What bone is this?

patella

The ____ is a flat, triangular, bone located on the front of the knee joint.

patella; kneecap

What protects the front of the joint and increases leverage for the knee joint movement?

patella

What bone is this?

tibia

What bone makes up the medial side of the lower leg?

tibia

What bone is the larger of the lower leg bones?

tibia

What does the tibia articulate with?

the fibula on its lateral side

What bones is this?

fibula

What bones is thinner of the lower leg bones?

fibula

What is composed of 3 groupings of bones called tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges?

foot

What are these bones called?

tarsals

What is the name of the bones that make up the ankle?

tarsals

How many bones make up the tarsals?

7

What are the names of the 7 tarsal bones?

calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, talus, and 1-3rd cuneiforms

What are these bones called?

metatarsals

What are the long bones of the foot?

metatarsals

There are ____ metatarsals that form the middle portion of the foot.

5

How many phalanges are in the big toes?

2