QUIZ 3 Study Guide

Culture

Defined as explicit or implicit, primarily learned and transmitted within a family, starting after birth, and is largely unconscious.

Cultural Diversity

The coexistence of different groups within one social unit, including differences in religion, language, physical size, sexual orientation, and more.

Subculture

A large group within a broader culture with specific characteristics that differentiates itself by developing its own norms and values.

Dominant Group

The largest group in a society, which has the most authority to control societal values and sanctions.

Minority Group

A group identified by physical or cultural characteristics that makes them different from the dominant group.

Ethnicity

A sense of identification with a collective cultural group, based largely on common heritage.

Race

Typically based on physical characteristics like skin pigmentation, but not considered a reliable way to determine a person's identity.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one’s own culture and practices are superior to those of others.

Cultural Humility

Recognizing diversity and power imbalances, acknowledging one’s own beliefs are not superior.

Acculturation

The process where two cultures exchange ideas and adapt to some new values without completely rejecting the original culture.

Cultural Assimilation

The process where a minority group adopts the dominant culture’s values and behaviors.

Implicit Bias

Pervasive biases that are often unconscious and can lead to unequal treatment in care.

Reactions to Pain

Cultural differences in how pain is perceived and treated, influencing choice of interventions.

Mental Health Stigma

A cultural barrier that may prevent individuals from seeking help for mental health issues.

Assigned Sex Roles

Cultural expectations regarding gender roles and responsibilities within the household.

Language and Communication

The importance of effective communication, including the need for interpreters and non-verbal cues.

Food and Nutrition

Dietary practices that are heavily influenced by cultural beliefs, especially during holidays.

Family Support

The role of family structures, such as multigenerational homes, in providing health care support.

Leninger’s Sunrise Model

A holistic model of nursing that includes socio-cultural factors influencing health.

Purnell Model for Cultural Competence

Framework for understanding culture across 12 domains, linking the individual to society.

RESPECT Model

Guidelines for cross-cultural communication including Rapport, Empathy, Support, Partnership, Explanations, Cultural Competence, and Trust.

Spirituality

A non-material relationship with something greater, different from organized religion.

Three Spiritual Needs

The needs for meaning and purpose, love and relatedness, and forgiveness.

Rabbi

The religious and spiritual leader in Judaism.

Synagogue

The place of worship for Jewish congregations.

Pikuach Nefesh

The principle in Judaism that preserving life overrides other religious rules.

Eruv

A physical boundary allowing observant Jews to carry items in public on Shabbat.

Yiddish

A language combining Hebrew and German, primarily used in Ashkenazi communities.

Shabbat

The Sabbath that begins 18 minutes before sunset on Friday and ends 42 minutes after sunset on Saturday.

Kashrut

Jewish dietary laws governing what foods are fit to eat.

Rosh Hashana

The Jewish New Year, believed to mark the opening of the Books of Life.

Yom Kippur

The Day of Atonement observed with fasting, occurring 10 days after Rosh Hashana.

Passover

An 8-day Jewish holiday commemorating the Exodus from Egypt, where leavened bread is not eaten.

Negiach Touch

The prohibition among Orthodox/Hasidic Jews against men touching women outside their immediate family.

Shiva

A week of mourning observed after a death in the Jewish community.

Tay-Sachs Disease

A genetic disorder found more commonly in Ashkenazi Jews, associated with a short life expectancy.

BRCA1 & 2 Genes

Genetic markers that increase the risk for breast and ovarian cancer, notably prevalent in certain Jewish populations.

Jehovah

The name used by Jehovah's Witnesses to refer to God.

Kingdom Hall

The place of worship for Jehovah's Witnesses.

Elders

Religious leaders in the Jehovah's Witness faith who are unsalaried and hold no clergy status.

Resurrection

Jehovah's Witnesses belief in being brought back to life after death.

Sexual Immorality

The only valid basis for divorce in the Jehovah's Witness community.

Blood Products

Jehovah's Witnesses' refusal to receive any blood transfusions based on their religious beliefs.

Blood Refusal Consent

A form signed by Jehovah's Witness patients to refuse blood products.

Agnostic

Someone who believes that nothing can be known about the existence of a higher power.

Atheist

A person who denies the existence of a higher power.

Collectivism

Cultural perspective that prioritizes the group over individual autonomy.

Individualism

Cultural focus on self-expression and valuing individual autonomy.

Trust in Healthcare

A key component of patient-provider relationships, often impacted by implicit biases.

Healthcare Autonomy

Patients' right to make informed choices about their medical care.

Cultural Rituals

Traditions and practices that are influenced by cultural beliefs, particularly around health and illness.

Cultural Norms

Shared expectations and rules governing the behavior of members within a society.

Healthcare Equity

Fair and just treatment in healthcare access and quality, affected by cultural dynamics.

Pharmacological Interventions

Medical treatments that use medications to alleviate health issues.

Non-Pharmacological Interventions

Alternative therapies that do not involve medications, such as counseling or physical therapy.

Multigenerational Homes

Households that include multiple generations living together, affecting family structure and support.

Teach Back Method

Communication technique ensuring patient understanding by asking them to repeat information back.

Cultural Competence

The ability to understand and effectively interact with people from different cultures.

Health Care Practices

Culturally specific methods and beliefs regarding health care and wellness.

Biocultural Ecology

How biological and cultural factors affect health and disease.

High-Risk Behaviors

Actions that increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes, often influenced by cultural context.

Pregnancy Practices

Cultural beliefs and customs surrounding childbirth and maternal care.

Death Rituals

Cultural practices associated with honoring and burying the deceased.

Spirituality and Health

The connection between an individual’s spiritual beliefs and their health outcomes.

Cultural Barriers

Obstacles that prevent effective communication and understanding between diverse cultures.

Cultural Knowledge

Understanding of different cultural perspectives and practices, essential in healthcare.

Culturally Tailored Interventions

Care strategies designed to meet the unique needs of distinct cultural groups.

Family Roles

Cultural expectations regarding responsibilities and hierarchies within families.

Population Health

The health outcomes of groups of individuals, influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors.

Preventative Health Behaviors

Actions taken to prevent illness, often shaped by cultural norms and practices.

Coping Mechanisms

Strategies people use to manage stress and adversity, influenced by cultural backgrounds.

Therapeutic Touch

Use of touch in healing practices, which may not be appropriate in certain cultural contexts.

Healthcare Disparities

Differences in access to or quality of health care across different populations.

Patient-Centered Care

An approach that respects and responds to individual patient preferences and needs.

Cultural Sensitivity

Awareness and respect for cultural differences and practices.

Complementary Care

Additional healthcare practices that can enhance traditional medical treatment.

Holistic Care

An approach to health care that considers the whole person, including physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being.

Culturally-Specific Protocols

Guidelines tailored to accommodate cultural practices and beliefs in healthcare.

Healers in Culture

Individuals recognized within cultures for their ability to heal, often integrating traditional practices.

Community Engagement

Active participation in community health initiatives that respect cultural contexts.

Integration of Beliefs in Care

Method of blending a patient’s cultural beliefs with medical treatment.

Religious Accommodations

Adjustments made in healthcare settings to honor a patient’s religious practices.

Patient Advocacy

The act of supporting a patient’s rights and decisions in healthcare.

Cultural Reflection

The process of considering one's own cultural biases and their impact on interactions.

Cultural Awareness

Understanding one's own culture and its impact on behavior and perceptions.

Support Networks

Connections among individuals that provide emotional, social, and practical support.

Cultural Guidance

Advice or information provided to navigate cultural practices in healthcare settings.

Cultural Education

Training to increase knowledge of diverse cultural practices and beliefs.

Communication Barriers

Obstacles in effective communication caused by differences in language, culture, or beliefs.

Leading Cultural Change in Healthcare

Initiatives aimed at improving cultural competence within healthcare organizations.

Community Health Strategies

Plans designed to address health challenges specific to a community’s cultural context.

Access to Culturally Relevant Care

Providing healthcare that aligns with the cultural preferences and needs of patients.

Cultural Norm Reassessment

Evaluating and adapting cultural practices in light of new knowledge or societal changes.

Cultural Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of individuals from various cultural backgrounds.