AP World

What territories did the Ottoman Empire encompass by the early modern era?

Southeastern Europe, the East, and North Africa.

What role did the Emperor of the Ottoman Empire serve in relation to Islam?

Regarded as the 'strong sword of Islam,' caliph ruler overseeing Arabs and protecting Islamic holy lands.

How were women's roles affected in the Ottoman Empire upon the adoption of Islam?

Women’s roles and autonomy were limited, except for the sultanate of women.

What was the percentage of Anatolia Christians converted to Islam by 1500?

90%.

What was a significant event in Ottoman history that took place in 1453?

The Fall of Constantinople.

Why did Christians initially welcome the Ottoman conquest?

Due to fewer taxes, oppression, and greater autonomy.

What was devshirme in the context of the Ottoman Empire?

The collection of young Christian boys to convert, learn Turkish, and serve the state.

What did the church become during the Middle Ages?

The most powerful institution.

What is a Papal Conclave?

An election process where Popes are elected for life by the College of Cardinals.

What motivated Europeans to seek commercial connections with Asia?

Desire for tropical spices, textiles, and jewels.

What characterized the Portuguese empire of commerce?

A diverse Indian Ocean commercial network that was more widespread than the Portuguese initially imagined.

What was a key advantage of Portuguese ships over Ottoman ships?

Portuguese ships were heavily armed with cannons.