Pt 3: Cell Machinery and Calcium Handling

Where do steroid hormone receptors bind DNA

hormone response elements

Nucleus

stores DNA, transcription

Rough ER

protein synthesis

Smooth ER

lipid and steroid synthesis, detoxification, stores Ca

Golgi apparatus

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids

Mitochondria

ATP production, fatty acid oxidation, Ca buffering

Lysosomes

degrade material from endocytosis and autophagy

Peroxisomes

fatty acid oxidation and hydrogen peroxide metabolism

Ribosomes

translate mRNA into protein

Cytoskeleton

shape, movement, intracellular transport, cell division

Plasma membrane

selective barrier, receptors, transporters, signaling

Potassium diffusion potentials

K gradient sets the resting potential and therefore excitability

Calmodulin

In smooth muscle Ca binds to calmodulin which activates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)