Natural Topography and Drainage of Pakistan

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering Pakistan's natural topography, including the Northern Mountains, Western Mountains, relief features, river drainage, passes, population lifestyle, and environmental challenges.

The study and description of the surface features of land, which includes both natural and artificial features, is called __________.

topography

Pakistan can be divided into six major natural topographical areas: the Northern and North-Western Mountains, the Western Mountains, the Balochistan Plateau, the Pothwar Plateau and Salt Range, the Indus Plain, and the __________.

Desert Areas

The name Karakoram translates literally to '__________'.

black gravel

The Karakoram Range extends for more than $400\,\text{km}$ from Hunza to the __________ River.

Shyok

Located in the Karakoram Range, the second-highest peak in the world is __________, which rises to an altitude of $8611\,\text{metres}$.

K-2

The Pakistan-China border pass depicted in the photograph, which links Pakistan with China via the Karakoram Highway, is the __________ Pass.

Khunjerab

The Himalayas run east to west for about $2500\,\text{km}$ with an average altitude of approximately __________.

$$4000\,\text{m}$$

The low-altitude hills of the Himalayas near Attock, with elevations ranging between $600\,\text{m}$ and $1200\,\text{metres}$, are called the __________.

Siwaliks

The Lesser or Lower Himalayas are represented by the Pir Panjal range and host hill stations such as Murree, Ghora Gali, and __________.

Nathia Gali

The mountain range located between the Pir Panjal Range and the Karakoram Range is called the __________.

Central Himalayas

The highest peak of the Central Himalayas, located in the Northern Area at an altitude of approximately $8126\,\text{metres}$, is __________.

Nanga Parbat

The highest mountain in the Hindu Kush Range, reaching an elevation of $7690\,\text{metres}$, is __________.

Tirich Mir

The mountain pass across the Hindu Kush that connects Gilgit with Chitral is the __________ Pass.

Shandur

The mountain pass that connects Chitral to the Swat Valley and the Vale of Peshawar, which is normally closed in winter due to snow, is the __________ Pass.

Lawari

The pass connecting the Swat Valley to the upper part of the Indus Valley is the __________ Pass.

Shangla

Swat Valley is often called the '__________ of the East' and contains the Malam Jabba ski resort as well as Buddhist remains.

Switzerland

Hunza Valley, known as 'Heaven on Earth', is famous for Attabad Lake, apricot trees, and the surrounding peak of __________.

Rakaposhi

Chitral Valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is surrounded by the Hindu Kush mountains and is well known for the unique culture of the __________ people.

Kalash

Neelum Valley in Azad Jammu & Kashmir is known as the 'Paradise of Kashmir' and is situated in the __________ Himalayas.

Lesser

The Northern Mountains protect Pakistan by acting as a barrier against cold winds originating from __________.

Central Asia

The physical hazard shown in the notes defined as the movement of rocks and soil down mountain slopes is a __________.

landslide

Huge masses of snow that break loose and move down mountain slopes are called __________.

avalanches

The precarious wooden suspension bridge shown in Figure 2.11 spans the __________ River.

Hunza

In the Northern Mountains, approximately __________ percent of the population is associated with agriculture.

$$70\%$$

In the Northern Mountains, inhabitants primarily work in cottage and small-scale industries making carpets, rugs, and shawls during the __________ season.

winter

A town whose infrastructure was badly devastated during the October 2005 earthquake and subsequently reconstructed is __________.

Balakot

In the Karakoram Range, both the Baltoro and Batura glaciers measure __________ in length.

$$58\,\text{km}$$

A plain area covered with perpetual compact snow above the snowline in high-altitude mountains is known as a __________.

snowfield

Glacial erosion of valley sides and bedrocks occurs through two primary processes: plucking and __________.

abrasion

A slope consisting of accumulated loose rock debris formed when water in cracks freezes, expands, and shatters the rock is called __________.

scree

A steep-walled basin formed by frost and glacial action that often holds a small lake is known as a __________ or corrie.

cirque

Saif-ul-Malook Lake, a classic cirque lake at the northern end of Kaghan Valley, is located at an altitude of __________ above sea level.

$$3224\,\text{m}$$

The River Indus begins its journey after flowing out of __________ Lake in the Karakoram Range.

Manasarovar

At Attock, the River Indus is joined by the River Kabul, which has already received the waters of the River __________.

Swat

After cutting deep gorges through the mountains, the Indus River takes a southern turn at __________ to enter the plains.

Kalabagh

A landform characterized by vertical walls of hard rock left behind as a river erodes softer, less resistant rock is a __________.

gorge

The Koh-i-Sufaid Ranges reach heights up to $4712\,\text{metres}$ and are known as the 'white mountains' because their peaks are frequently covered with __________.

snow

The fertile, alluvial Vale of Peshawar is irrigated by canals originating from the __________ Dam on the Kabul River.

Warsak

The mineralised Waziristan Hills are situated between the Kurram River and the __________ River.

Gomal

The Bannu Valley is a low-lying basin drained by streams with __________ channels.

braided

The highest peak in the Sulaiman Range, standing at an elevation of $3379\,\text{metres}$, is __________.

Takht-i-Sulaiman

The pass through the Western Mountains wide enough to facilitate troop movements that leads into the Vale of Peshawar is the __________ Pass.

Khyber

The mountain pass that connects the Kachhi Sibi Plain to Quetta is the __________ Pass.

Bolan

The mountain pass connecting Ghazni in Afghanistan to Bannu is the __________ Pass.

Tochi

The railway line passing through the Bolan Pass to link Quetta with Sibi traverses a total of __________ tunnels.

$$21$$

Due to rugged relief, aridity, and lack of infrastructure, the population density of the Western Mountains is lower than __________ persons per square kilometre.

$$100$$

Because crop cultivation is restricted by relief in the Western Mountains, the primary occupation of the inhabitants is __________ rearing.

sheep and goat

The term 'tectonics' comes from the Greek word 'tekton', which translates to '__________'.

builder