Module 2 - PB

Proverbs 16:3

C) The structure and composition of the ribosomes

What features of protein synthesis DIFFERS between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. The code that specifies which amino acid should be added to a growing protein chain
B. Requirement for the expenditure of metabolic energy
C. The structure and composition of the ribosomes
D. The amino acids that are used

D) Quisqualis indica

Halamang gamot used as an anthelmintic
A. Mentha cordifolia
B. Cassia alata
C. Allium sativum
D. Quisqualis indica

C) Moringa oleifera

There has been some recent craze about mulanggy pandesal. Bro, what is mulanggy?
A. Lagerstroemia speciosa
B. Antidesma bunnus
C. Moringa oleifera
D. Momordica charantia

B) First statement is false, second statement is true

The Calvin cycle occurs in the thylakoid membranes. Glucose is the main product of the Calvin cycle.
A. First statement is true, second statement is false
B. First statement is false, second statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

D) Both statements are false

Harvesting refers to ensuring the true natural source of the drug. Collection means obtaining the drug via manual or mechanical means.
A. First statement is true, second statement is false
B. First statement is false, second statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

B) First statement is false, second statement is true

Organoleptic evaluation of crude drugs makes use of a microscope. Pharmacologic evaluation uses organisms for bioassays.
A. First statement is true, second statement is false
B. First statement is false, second statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

C) Guanine

What base is this?

A. Adenine
B. Cytosine
C. Guanine
D. Thymine

B) Hopkins-Cole

Indole ring is detected using this qualitative test?
A. Sakaguchi
B. Hopkins-Cole
C. Millon's test
D. Pauly's Diazo

B) Induced fit model

Which is the catalytic site model, where the substrate induces a conformational change in the enzyme?
A. Lock and key model
B. Induced fit model
C. Allosteric model
D. Competitive inhibition model

C) Sorbitol

Which is a product of reduction of monosaccharide?
A. Sucrose
B. Glucuronic acid
C. Sorbitol
D. Glucose

B) Linoleic acid

Major eicosanoids are derived from arachidonic acid, which is itself derived from:
A. Oleic acid
B. Linoleic acid
C. Linolenic acid
D. Palmitoleic acid

D) Both statements are incorrect.

In plants, the mevalonic acid pathway occurs in the plastid. On the other hand, methyl erythritol pathway occurs in the cytosol.
A. The first statement is correct while the second statement is incorrect.
B. The first statement is incorrect while the second statement is correct.
C. Both statements are correct.
D. Both statements are incorrect.

C) Prosthetic Group

This refers to cofactor that is firmly bound to an apoenzyme
A. Zymogen
B. Holoenzyme
C. Prosthetic group
D. Second substrate

A) B6

For an enzyme such as SGPT or SGOT, what is the appropriate coenzyme source?
A. B6
B. B1
C. B5
D. B9

D) 6

How many isoprene units are present in triterpenes?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

C) Neutral, Acidic

Steroidal saponins are ______ saponins while triterpenoidal saponins are ______ saponins.
A. Basic, Acidic
B. Acidic, Basic
C. Neutral, Acidic
D. Acidic, Neutral

B) Isoquinoline alkaloid

Morphine is what type of alkaloid?
A. Indole alkaloid
B. Isoquinoline alkaloid
C. Imidazole alkaloid
D. Pyridine-piperidine alkaloid

A) Only the first statement is true

Genetic code is non-overlapping and is read in a fixed frame. It is degenerate, with each codon coding for only one amino acid.
A. Only the first statement is true
B. Only the second statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

D) Enolase

2-phosphoglycerate → phosphoenolpyruvate
A. Hydrolase
B. Transferase
C. Isomerase
D. Enolase

A) Matrix

Tricarboxylic acid cycle occurs in which part of the mitochondria?
A. Matrix
B. Inner membrane
C. Intermembrane space
D. Outer membrane

C) Constitutes minority of the total starch content

Which of the following is true about amylose?
A. Contains 1,6 bonds
B. Colors iodine reddish purple
C. Constitutes minority of the total starch content
D. Less water soluble than amylopectin

B) GABA: Glycine

Which of the following neurotransmitters is incorrectly matched with its amino acid precursor?
A. Histamine: Histidine
B. GABA: Glycine
C. Serotonin: Tryptophan
D. Dopamine: Tyrosine

C) I, II, IV

Which of the following are alkaloids?
I. Coniine
II. Nicotine
III. Chrysarobin
IV. Arecoline
V. Oleandrin
A. I, II, III
B. II, IV, V
C. I, II, IV
D. I, II, IV, V
E. I, II, III, IV, V

D) Quinoline

Peruvian bark
A. Imidazole
B. Indole
C. Isoquinoline
D. Quinoline
E. Tropane

D) 2-hexanal

Aldehyde volatile oil
A. Camphor
B. Thujone
C. Geraniol
D. 2-hexanal

B) LDL

This cholesterol-rich lipoprotein may be taken up by macrophages, which transforms them into foam cells. It is referred to as bad cholesterol.
A. HDL
B. LDL
C. Micelles
D. Chylomicrons

C) Both statements are not correct

Nucleosides are composed of bases bonded to a sugar, further bonded to phosphate groups. Nucleotides have nitrogenous bases bonded to a sugar.
A. The first statement is not correct
B. The second statement is not correct
C. Both statements are not correct
D. Both statements are correct

B) I-IV-II-III

Arrange the following monosaccharides from the highest number to lowest number of carbon atoms:
I. Sedoheptulose
II. Ribose
III. Dihydroxyacetone
IV. Mannose
A. IV-III-II
B. I-IV-II-III
C. II-III-I-IV
D. III-II-IV-I

A) Whey

In the processing of cow's milk, the liquid separated from the coagulum is called:
A. Whey
B. Cheese
C. Buttermilk
D. Skim

A) Pyruvate

During human acidosis, lactate is reverted back into which of the following compounds to maintain equilibrium in the body?
A. Pyruvate
B. Bicarbonate
C. CO2
D. Acetyl CoA

C) Those with acetals are reducing sugars, while those with hemiacetals are nonreducing sugars

Which statement is false regarding carbohydrates?
A. Pyranose is a 6-membered saccharide ring, while furanose is a 5-membered saccharide ring
B. Beta anomer of a D-sugar has its OH pointing up
C. Those with acetals are reducing sugars, while those with hemiacetals are nonreducing sugars
D. Glyceraldehyde is an example of a triose

C) I, III

Correct statements about galactose:
I. Major dietary source is milk
II. C2 epimer of glucose
III. Detected by mucic acid test
A. I, II
B. I, II, III
C. I, III
D. I
E. II, III

D) DNA is produced from DNA

In replication,
A. RNA is produced from DNA
B. Protein is produced from DNA
C. Protein is produced from RNA
D. DNA is produced from DNA

B) Isoleucine

Which of the following amino acids is a branched-chain amino acid?
A. Lysine
B. Isoleucine
C. Alanine
D. Two of the choices
E. All of the choices

C) Tyrosine & Tryptophan

During a fasted state, these amino acids can be utilized by our body to form glucose and/or ketone bodies:
A. Leucine & Isoleucine
B. Glutamine & Glutamate
C. Tyrosine & Tryptophan
D. Alanine & Phenylalanine

D) EC 2.7.4.4

Nucleoside monophosphate kinase:
A. EC 4.1.2.6
B. EC 5.1.1.1
C. EC 3.6.1.4
D. EC 2.7.4.4

C) Cinnamomum camphora

Source of ketone volatile oil:
A. Cinnamomum zeylanicum
B. Cinnamomum laurifolium
C. Cinnamomum camphora
D. Cinnamomum cassia

B) Glycosides

Also known as sugar ethers:
A. Tannins
B. Glycosides
C. Resins
D. Alkaloids

D) Jojoba oil

The only liquid wax:
A. Carnauba
B. Spermaceti
C. Theobroma oil
D. Jojoba oil

A) Benne oil

Baudouin test is for:
A. Benne oil
B. Arachis oil
C. Flax oil
D. Oil of Europe

C) Phosphofructokinase

Which enzyme catalyzes the rate limiting step of glycolysis?
A. Phosphoglucoisomerase
B. Hexokinase
C. Phosphofructokinase
D. Pyruvate Kinase

A) The first statement is not correct

The quaternary structure is the level by which singular peptides assume their functionality. Furthermore, the quaternary structure is stabilized principally and often exclusively by noncovalent interactions.
A. The first statement is not correct
B. The second statement is not correct
C. Both statements are not correct
D. Both statements are correct

C) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Which of the following is the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?
A. HMG-CoA synthase
B. HMG-CoA reductase
C. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
D. Isocitrate dehydrogenase

C) Nicotinic acid

Deficiency of this vitamin can lead to diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia.
A. Aneurine
B. Riboflavin
C. Nicotinic acid
D. Pteroylglutamic acid

B) Xanthine → Uric acid

Which reaction is inhibited by allopurinol?
A. Purine base → Xanthosine
B. Xanthine → Uric acid
C. Xanthosine → Xanthine
D. Hypoxanthine → Nucleotide

A) Rotenone

Which of the following is an inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase?
A. Rotenone
B. Malonate
C. Cyanide
D. Oligomycin

D) Both statements are correct

Cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid. Alanine is the smallest amino acid that displays chirality.
A. The first statement is correct
B. The second statement is correct
C. Both statements are not correct
D. Both statements are correct

A) Maltose

Disaccharide is produced in large quantities via hydrolysis of starch during the germination of barley and other grains.
A. Maltose
B. Lactose
C. Glucose
D. Sucrose

B) Hydroquinone

The Aglycone portion of Arctostaphylos uva ursi is used externally as an astringent and whitening agent.
A. Salicin
B. Hydroquinone
C. Amygdalin
D. Sinalbin
E. Sinigrin

C) β-D-fructofuranose

A. α-D-glucopyranose
B. α-D-fructofuranose
C. β-D-fructofuranose
D. β-D-sorbopyranose

A) The first statement is true, the second statement is false

Amino acids in excess cannot be stored in the body nor directly excreted. In all degradation pathways, the amino nitrogen atom is removed and excreted from the body as uric acid.
A. The first statement is true, the second statement is false
B. The second statement is true, the first statement is false
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

C) 9.74

Compute for the isoelectric point of lysine (pKa = 2.18, pKa = 8.95, pKa = 10.53)
A. 5.57
B. 6.36
C. 9.74
D. 7.22

D) (-) carvone

Which ketone volatile oil is derived from spearmint?
A. (+) camphor
B. (-) camphor
C. (+) carvone
D. (-) carvone

B) Glycyrrhizin

This glycoside is 50x as sweet as sugar:
A. Vanillin
B. Glycyrrhizin
C. Rhein
D. Barbaloin

B) II, IV

Which statements regarding cyanophore glycosides are correct?
I. Emulsin = amygdalase + prunase
II. Partial breakdown of amygdalin yields prunasin
III. When amygdalin is acted upon by emulsin, the final product is prunasin
IV. Mandelonitrile = benzaldehyde and cyanide
A. I, II
B. II, IV
C. I, III
D. I, IV

C) Both statements are correct

The Shikimic acid pathway is present in bacteria, fungi, and plants only. An important branching point in the pathway arises at chorismic acid.
A. The first statement is correct.
B. The second statement is correct.
C. Both statements are correct.
D. Both statements are not correct.

A) Both statements are true.

Both true tannins and pseudotannins test positive for the gelatin test, but only true tannins yield a positive result for Goldbeater skin test.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. Statement 1 is true.
D. Statement 2 is true.

D) Rosin - for dengue fever

Odd one out:
A. Yerba Santa - mask bitter taste of quinine
B. Myrrh - ingredient in mouthwash
C. Asafetida - respiratory stimulant
D. Rosin - for dengue fever

C) I, II, III, IV

The following are used to test the presence of carbohydrates:
I. Benedict's test
II. Barfoed's test
III. Molisch test
IV. Osazone test
A. I, II
B. I, II, III
C. I, II, III, IV
D. I only

A) Choline

Head group of lecithin
A. Choline
B. Ethanolamine
C. Serine
D. Phosphatidylglycerol
E. Inositol 4,5-bisphosphate

B) Cori cycle

Which pathway links glycolysis and glycogenolysis?
A. Urea cycle
B. Cori cycle
C. Embden-Meyerhof pathway
D. Cahill cycle

D) IV only

The following are false, except:
I. Aldehyde: Orange Flower Oil
II. Phenol: Fennel Oil
III. Phenolic Ether: Creosote Oil
IV. Ester: Lavender Oil
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. IV only
E. All are false

E) Isothiocyanate glycosides

These compounds release a distinct odor upon the action of myrosin:
A. Saponin glycosides
B. Cardiac glycosides
C. Anthraquinone glycosides
D. Cyanogenic glycosides
E. Isothiocyanate glycosides

C) Statement 1 is correct.

Noncompetitive inhibition decreases maximum velocity (Vmax). Additionally, there is an increase in its Km.
A. Both statements are correct.
B. Both statements are incorrect.
C. Statement 1 is correct.
D. Statement 2 is correct.

B) Point mutation: transversion

Small-scale mutations are mutations that only affect a single or a handful of nucleotides. Classify the following mutation: ATCCCTACAGA → ATCCGCATGA
A. Point mutation: transition
B. Point mutation: transversion
C. Frameshift mutation: transition
D. Frameshift mutation: transversion

B) Adenosine

The following are nucleotides, except:
A. Adenosine triphosphate
B. Adenosine
C. Adenylate
D. Adenylic acid

D) 18:3Δ6,9,12

For the next 2 items, refer to the structure below. What is the appropriate delta notation?

A. 18:1Δ9
B. 18:2Δ9,12
C. 18:3Δ9,12,15
D. 18:3Δ6,9,12

B) ω-6

What is the correct omega notation?
A. ω-3
B. ω-6
C. ω-9
D. None of the above

C) Indole: Ergotamine

Identify which of the following pairs is matched correctly:
A. Isoquinoline: Quinine
B. Quinoline: Morphine
C. Indole: Ergotamine
D. Purine: Atropine

A) Tragacanth

Which is the most resistant to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis?
A. Tragacanth
B. Acacia
C. Gum Arabic
D. Algin
E. Sodium Alginate

B) NADH Dehydrogenase

For the electron transport chain to produce 2.5 ATPs, through which enzyme complex should electrons enter the chain?
A. ATP Synthase
B. NADH Dehydrogenase
C. Ubiquinone: Cytochrome C Oxidoreductase
D. Cytochrome oxidase

B) The second statement is true, the first statement is false

When hydrolyzable tannins are treated with hydrolytic agents, they polymerize to form phlobaphenes. Phlobaphenes are also known as "tanner's red."
A. The first statement is true, the second statement is false
B. The second statement is true, the first statement is false
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

C) Lyases

Which class of enzymes catalyzes non-hydrolytic transfer or elimination of functional groups, often resulting in the formation of double bonds?
A. Oxidoreductases
B. Transferases
C. Lyases
D. Hydrolases

C) Both statements are correct

Cerebrosides are composed of ceramide plus a monosaccharide. Gangliosides, on the other hand, are composed of ceramide plus oligosaccharides loaded with sialic and other acids.
A. Only statement 1 is correct
B. Only statement 2 is correct
C. Both statements are correct
D. Both statements are incorrect

B) Enantiomers

What type of isomerism exists?

A. Epimers
B. Enantiomers
C. Anomers
D. Diastereomers

D) Maltose

Product of diastatic fermentation of starch
A. Lactose
B. Sucrose
C. Cellobiose
D. Maltose

C) Both statements are true

Cellobiose is formed by a pair of glucose molecules joined by β(1→4) bond. Maltose is formed by a pair of glucose molecules joined by α(1→4) bond.
A. First statement is true, second statement is false
B. First statement is false, second statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

A) Pyrolysis

Undecylenic acid is obtained from _____ of castor oil.
A. Pyrolysis
B. Ozonolysis
C. Hydrolysis
D. Lipolysis

C) Asafetida

Which of the following is NOT classified under oleoresin?
A. Balsam of Copaiba
B. Cayenne
C. Asafetida
D. Ginger

A) Autumn crocus

Which of the following plant sources contains an alkaloid classified under alkaloidal amines?
A. Autumn crocus
B. Green hellebore
C. Calabar bean
D. Betel nut

D) Hypertension

Licorice is contraindicated to which of the following health problem?
A. Cancer
B. Ulcer
C. Cushing's syndrome
D. Hypertension

C) Glycine

Heme precursor among the amino acids
A. Tryptophan
B. Tyrosine
C. Glycine
D. Glutamate

B) Piperaceae

Which family of plants store volatile oils in modified parenchymal cells?
A. Lamiaceae
B. Piperaceae
C. Apiaceae
D. Pinaceae

D) All statements are correct

Correct statements about alkaloids:
A. Bitter, basic, nitrogenous compounds
B. Pseudoalkaloids are not derived from a single amino acid
C. Protoalkaloids do not have a nitrogenous heterocyclic structure
D. All statements are correct

C) Cardiac glycoside

A. Anthraquinone
B. Lactone glycoside
C. Cardiac glycoside
D. Saponin

E) Albinism

Tyrosinase deficiency is a characteristic of which inborn error of metabolism?
A. Alkaptonuria
B. Homocystinuria
C. Phenylketonuria
D. Maple syrup urine disease
E. Albinism

B) Cytokinin

A plant hormone that has a more specific effect on cell division. It is also known to prevent senescence or anti-aging.
A. Auxin
B. Cytokinin
C. Ethylene
D. Abscisic Acid

A) Adenine pairs with thymine which is connected by 2 intermolecular hydrogen bonds

What is true regarding DNA complementary bases?
A. Adenine pairs with thymine which is connected by 2 intermolecular hydrogen bonds
B. Adenine pairs with guanine which is connected by 2 intramolecular hydrogen bonds
C. Adenine pairs with thymine which is connected by 3 intramolecular hydrogen bonds
D. Adenine pairs with guanine which is connected by 3 intermolecular bonds

A) First statement is true, second statement is false

High degree of unsaturation in fixed oils result in a high iodine value. High iodine values indicate that the oil is non-drying.
A. First statement is true, second statement is false
B. First statement is false, second statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

C) Myricyl cerotate

Carnauba wax is extensively utilized in floor and automobile wax formulations. Identify the principal component of carnauba wax:
A. Cetyl palmitate
B. Myricyl palmitate
C. Myricyl cerotate
D. Cetyl cerotate

A) Gluconeogenesis

Conversion of non-carbohydrate precursors into glucose:
A. Gluconeogenesis
B. Glycogenesis
C. Glycolysis
D. Glycogenolysis

D) Borntrager's test

Identification tests for saponin glycosides, except:
A. Froth Test
B. Hemolysis Test
C. Capillary Test
D. Borntrager's test

D) Quinoline: Strychnos nux vomica

The following are true, except:
A. Alkaloidal amine: Ephedra sinica
B. Indole: Claviceps purpurea
C. Isoquinoline: Papaver somniferum
D. Quinoline: Strychnos nux vomica
E. Tropane: Mandragora officinarum

C) Sugar maple

Common name of Acer saccharum:
A. Sugar cane
B. Sugar beets
C. Sugar maple
D. Sugar apple

B) Admixture

This form of adulteration refers to the careless addition of the wrong ingredient.
A. Sophistication
B. Admixture
C. Inferiority
D. Deterioration
E. Spoilage

C) Hexose monophosphate shunt

The PPP is also known as:
A. Citric acid cycle
B. Embden-Meyerhof pathway
C. Hexose monophosphate shunt
D. Calvin cycle

C) Uridine triphosphate

What is the name of the structure below?

A. Thymidine triphosphate
B. Deoxythymidine triphosphate
C. Uridine triphosphate
D. Deoxyuridine triphosphate

D) AOTA

Farnesyl pyrophosphate:
A. Precursor of artemisinin
B. Geranyl pyrophosphate + IPP
C. A 15-carbon compound
D. AOTA

C) Vitamin B9

Supplement that reduces the risk of a child developing neural tube defects:
A. Vitamin B3
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin B9
D. Vitamin B12

C) Ehretia microphylla: Antibacterial

The following pairs are correct except:
A. Cassia alata: Antifungal
B. Quisqualis indica: Anthelmintic
C. Ehretia microphylla: Antibacterial
D. Blumea balsamifera: Diuretic
E. Mentha cordifolia: Analgesic