topic 2 bonding and structure

Ionic bonding definition

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

When are ions formed

when atoms gain or lose electrons for full outer shell

Metals lose electrons to form what?

positive ions / cations

Non metals gain election to form what

Negative ion and anion

Where does conic bonding usually occur

Metals + non metals

What are complex ions

Contain 2 /more atoms bonded together

Within complexions what bonds hold the atoms inside ions.

Covalent bond

4 mark: mg chloride contains magnesium-ions chloïdeions describe in terms of elections what happens when a magnesium's atom reacts with chlorine atoms to produce magnesium chloride

One magnesium atom loses 2 electrons 2 chlorine atom each gains 1 electron form magnesium. One magnesium atom reacts with 2 chlorine atoms to form magnesium ion and chloride ions

How to determine ionic formulae

Write down symbol of ions with charges . Work out how many of each ion are needed so total charge equals 0.use smallest whole number ration of ions . Write formula without charges .use brackets if more than 1 polyatomic ion is needed.

What bonding in regular polyatomic ion

Covalent

What is an ionic compound overall

Neutral as total positive charge equals negative charge

How is formula of ionic compound written

Simplest whole number ratio of ions , positive cation written first then anion neg next

How to deduce an ionic formula

Write ions and charges work out how many of each ion are needed so total charge is 0 use smallest whole number ratio and write formula without charges

When are brackets used

If more than 1 polyatomic ion

What are physical properties of ionic compound

High melting point and boiling point and can conduct electricity when molten or aqueous

What's is ionic bond

Electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges ion.

Properties of ionic compounds

Ionic compound arranged in giant ionic lattices

Why does ionic bond have high melting point and boiling point

Because strong electrostatic force of attraction between ions so there's lots of energy to overcome attraction . If ions have greater ionic charge . Melting points are much higher

How can ionic compounds conduct electricity

Molten or in aqueous as ions are free to move and carry charge throughout structure

Talk about solubility in ionic compounds

Many ionic compound is dissolve in water. Water molecule attract the ions strongly enough to separate them from ionic lattice

What complex ions do u need to know

-OH = hydroxyl

NO*-nitrate

SO4*2-=sulphate

CO3*2- carbonate

NH4- AMMONIUM not complex

PO4*3- phosphate

HCO*3-= bicarbonate

Give oxidation reaction equation

Substance + oxygen = oxide

Give 2 displacement equation

Metal + water = >metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Metal + acid = >salt + hydrogen

give 5 examples neutralization equation

Metal oxide + acid = >water + salt

Metal hydroxide + acid = >water + salt

Carbonate + acid = >carbon dioxide + salt

Hydrogen carbonate + acid= >salt + water + carbon dioxide

Ammonia+ acid =>ammonium salt + hydrogen

Thermal decomposition equation

metal carbonate --> metal oxide + carbon dioxide

Sulfuric acid symbol

H2SO4

Nitric acid symbol

HNO3

Hydroxide symbol

OH-