Final exam Zack

Alien Land Act

 “denies to aliens incapable of becoming citizens and not protected by treaty the right to acquire, possess, use, occupy, or transfer real estate” [Based on 1913 California Law]

2021 Atlanta Spa Shooting

A racially charged shooting carried out by one white man who blamed the Asian women of the stores for making him sexually frustrated.

Bikini Atoll

A coral reef in the marshal islands that nuclear tests were done at, displacing the indigenous population that once lived their and causing radiation sickness among those living nearby.

Castle Bravo

One of the first nuclear tests carried out in the Bikini Atoll

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. The law made exceptions for travelers and diplomats.The Act also denied Chinese residents already in the US the ability to become citizens. Chinese Exclusion Act made it illegal for Chinese Americans to own property.

Christian hegemony

 the everyday, pervasive, and systematic set of Christian values and beliefs, individuals and institutions that dominate all aspects of our society through the social, political, economic, and cultural power they wield. 

Collie system

The term emerged from hini which means “day laborer" in Urdu it means “slave” and in Chinese it means Kuli meaning “bitter strength”  it is through China that this term makes its way to the Americas. Most collies came from China after a series of push factors, the first were the Opium Wars that crumbled the Chinese economy, the biggest disruption however  was the Typing Rebellion

Cultural diplomacy

the exchange of ideas, arts, language, and traditions among nations to foster mutual understanding, build trust, and advance national interests. non political tools like education, sports, and food to connect people and influence public opinion.

Executive order 9066

FDR signed the forced relocation and internment of 120,000 Japanese American citizens.

Gam Saan Haak

Gam Saan Haak was a name for the travelers from China coming to California to search for gold.

Gong Lum v. Rice (1927)

A United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the exclusion on account of race of a child of Chinese ancestry from a public school did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Holt Bill of 1955

The rise of oversea Korean Adoption: Harry Holt popularized the practice of adopting Korean “GI babies” and who worked with wife Bertha to pass

Immigration and Nationality Act

1. Abolishes national origins quotas

2. Creates immigration preference categories for family reunification and professional skills

3. Establishes global cap on immigration (even some restrictions on immigration from Western hemisphere)

Issei and Nissei

Issei: First Generation Japanese Americans

Nissei: Second generation Japanese Americans

Jerome and Rohwer

The two Concentration camps in Arkansas created after executive order 9066

Kijichon

During the korean war we see the rise of “Kijichon” or camptowns, Korean towns surrounding otherwise rural US Military Bases, often dominated by migrant workers.

Kokyo ni nishiki o kazaru

A Japanese phrase not too dissimilar to the golden mountain phrases made by the Chinese “Return Home in Golden Brocades”

Los Chinos

A Spanish phrase meaning “The Chines Men”

Model Minority

A myth that people of Asian decent  are the most excellent of your ethnic class, often considered to be a “positive” stereotype that has gained acceptance, by virtue of over achievement in education, employment, and family stability as screened through immigration processes.

MIn Faa Saan

meaning “Cotton mountain” The gold in California has dried up and now they will find their fortune in the cotton fields, in reality there are very few to no opportunities for Chinese workers to gain fortune but this did contribute to a large amount of Asians in the south which led to the stores.

Paper Sons/daughters

many early chinese immigrants did not talk about their immigration experiences or their past in general, this was due to their efforts to circumnavigate the legal policies of the chinese exclusion act by claiming to be the son and daughter of a current resident.

Patel Hotel Model

A business strategy where Gujarati immigrant families, specifically those named Patel, purchased, operated motels.

Perpetual Foreigner

A Major concept that Asian Americans constantly seen as foreign despite having a long history of ancestry in the United States.

Southern Planters Convention of 1869

A convention that discussed the prospect of hiring Chinese laborers in place of the newly freed African American workers.

 "a child born in the United States, of parents of Chinese descent, who, at the time of his birth, are subjects of the Emperor of China, but have a permanent domicile and residence in the United States, and are there carrying on business, and are not employed in any diplomatic or official capacity under the Emperor of China" became "at the time of his birth a citizen of the United States by virtue of the first clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution.”

Vincent Chin

A 27 year old Chinese American who was murdered by two white men who believed that he was Japanese.

War brides Act of 1945

Allowed foreign-born spouses and their children of U.S. soldiers serving overseas to receive citizenship upon marrying and coming to the U.S. was popular after world war 2

Watsonville Riots, 1930

A period of racial violence against Filipino American farm workers in California

Yellow peril

A racist trope that props Asian immigrants and Asia in general as industrial and military threats

Yellow fever

the opposite of Yellow peril, where the term model minority and a felicitation of Asians come from.