Caring for the Infant, Child, and Adolescent at Risk in Mental Health Nursing

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering childhood and adolescent mental health disorders, psychopharmacology, clinical diagnostic categories, and universal nursing safety interventions from Dr. Baranski's lecture.

Age Inappropriate

A criterion for identifying pediatric emotional problems where behaviors are incompatible with chronological age and expected developmental milestones.

Cultural Deviation

A criterion for identifying pediatric emotional problems where behaviors represent a marked departure from familial, cultural, and environmental norms.

Impaired Function

A criterion for identifying pediatric emotional problems where behaviors create direct interference with academic, familial, social, and adaptive daily functioning.

Major Depressive Disorder (Pediatric)

An internalizing disorder characterized by persistent depressive symptoms lasting at least $2$ weeks.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Pediatric)

An internalizing disorder characterized by chronic depressive symptoms lasting at least $2$ years.

Quiet Room

An unlocked, voluntary sensory-reduction space utilized as a universal safety and de-escalation intervention.

Seclusion

Involuntary containment of a client that requires a provider order, strict time limits, and continuous monitoring.

Safe Physical Redirection

A universal safety practice that redirects aggressive energy into non-harmful physical outlets, such as a punching bag or a pillow.

Pediatric Depressive Manifestations

Clinical presentations including persistent sadness, hopelessness, somatic complaints, social isolation, decline in school performance, regressive clinginess or excessive whining in preschoolers, and irritability or unprovoked anger, which are more prevalent in children than in adults.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Medications such as imipramine and clomipramine; adverse effects include orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, weight gain, decreased seizure threshold, and sweating. They require caution or are contraindicated with MAOIs, antihistamines, epinephrine/dopamine, alcohol, benzodiazepines, and opioids.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Pediatrics

Antidepressant agents requiring extreme caution due to risks including suicidality, agitation, anxiety, tremor, headache, weight gain, GI effects, and sleep disturbance; contraindicated or requiring extreme caution with MAOIs, SNRIs, buspirone, and St. John's wort.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

An anxiety disorder involving excessive distress anticipating separation from a primary trusted caregiver that may progress to phobias, acute panic, and fear of being left alone or going to school, interfering with Erikson autonomy and cognitive milestone achievement.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Children

A trauma-related disorder precipitated by witnessing or experiencing life-threatening traumatic events; manifests as repetitive trauma play, decreased play, nightmares, fear of dying young, emotional numbing, social detachment, and somatic complaints.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

A disruptive disorder marked by a recurrent pattern of negativity, disobedience, hostility, stubbornness, argumentativeness, and limit testing, typically demonstrated at home toward the person best known; clients do not view themselves as defiant and exhibit low self-esteem, mood lability, and low frustration tolerance.

Conduct Disorder

A disruptive behavior disorder defined by a persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or major societal rules and norms, characterized across four core diagnostic pillars: aggression, destruction, deceit/theft, and rule violations.

Aggression (Conduct Disorder Pillar)

A core diagnostic pillar of conduct disorder manifested by physical cruelty to people and animals, bullying, threatening, and weapon use.

Destruction (Conduct Disorder Pillar)

A core diagnostic pillar of conduct disorder manifested by deliberate destruction of property, vandalism, and intentional arson.

Deceit/Theft (Conduct Disorder Pillar)

A core diagnostic pillar of conduct disorder manifested by lying to obtain goods, breaking and entering, and shoplifting.

Rule Violations (Conduct Disorder Pillar)

A core diagnostic pillar of conduct disorder manifested by chronic truancy before age $13$, running away overnight, and curfew breaches.

Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder

A conduct disorder subtype with symptom onset before age $10$ years; predominantly affects males and frequently progresses into antisocial personality disorder.

Adolescent-Onset Conduct Disorder

A conduct disorder subtype with symptom onset after age $10$ years; features an equal male-to-female ratio and generally exhibits less severe aggressive behaviors.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

A disorder with onset between ages $6$ and $18$ years, characterized by severe temper outbursts occurring \format{ge}{3} or more times per week that are grossly out of proportion, alongside consistent irritability or anger across multiple settings.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)

A disorder with onset between ages $13$ and $21$ years, characterized by violent verbal or physical aggression toward people, animals, or property, followed by immediate feelings of deep remorse and shame.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Diagnostic Criteria)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that must be present before age $12$ and observed in more than one setting.

ADHD Inattentive Type

An ADHD subtype characterized by disorganization, careless errors, difficulty sustaining focus, and forgetfulness in daily activities.

ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive Type

An ADHD subtype characterized by fidgeting, inability to remain seated, excessive running or climbing, and blurting out answers.

ADHD Combined Type

An ADHD presentation that simultaneously meets diagnostic criteria for both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.

CNS Stimulants

ADHD medications including methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine; require clinical monitoring for insomnia, weight loss, appetite suppression, blood pressure changes, and alterations in growth curves.

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists

Non-stimulant medications including clonidine and guanfacine; require monitoring for hypotension, bradycardia, and sedation, and must be tapered gradually to prevent rebound hypertension.

Bupropion

A non-stimulant medication that lowers the seizure threshold; it carries a critical alert to avoid use in clients with eating disorders or a history of seizures.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder more common in boys with early childhood onset, linked to fragile X syndrome, characterized by extreme tactile or auditory hypersensitivity, feeding selectivity, sleep disruptions, epilepsy, and self-stimulating motor stereotypies and rigid ritualism.

Tourette's Disorder

A disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics (e.g., palilalia, echolalia, snorting, coprolalia); typically presents at ages $6 - 7$ years (can emerge as early as age $2$), is more prevalent in males, and is managed first-line with Habit Reversal Training (HRT) and alpha-2 agonists.

Mild Intellectual Development Disorder

An intellectual development disorder classification defined by an IQ range of $50 - 70$, academic capability up to a $6\text{th}$ grade level, and independent living capabilities with assistance during times of stress.

Moderate Intellectual Development Disorder

An intellectual development disorder classification defined by an IQ range of $35 - 49$, academic capability up to a $2\text{nd}$ grade level, and potential for supervised community living with simple gross motor jobs.

Severe Intellectual Development Disorder

An intellectual development disorder classification defined by an IQ range of $20 - 34$, academic capability limited to elementary hygiene habit training, minimal speech, and requiring complete daily supervision.

Profound Intellectual Development Disorder

An intellectual development disorder classification defined by an IQ of $< 20$, no academic benefit, minimal self-help skills, and the requirement of constant $24/7$ custodial nursing care.

Habit Training

A nursing intervention for intellectual development disorders that provides systematic, step-by-step reinforcement of activities of daily living (ADLs) for self-care routines.

Respite Care

A community-based nursing resource connection designed to provide temporary relief to caregivers of clients with developmental disorders to prevent caregiver burnout.