CHEM1100 Experiment 5: Molar Volume and Density of Gases

Vocabulary flashcards covering gas laws, molar volume at STP, gas density, and experimental procedures for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases.

Ideal Gas Law

A fundamental equation ($PV = nRT$) combining Boyle's, Charles's, and Avogadro's laws that relates pressure ($P$), volume ($V$), number of moles ($n$), and temperature ($T$) for any gas behaving ideally.

Universal Gas Constant ($R$)

The proportionality constant in the ideal gas law that is identical for all gases, equal to $0.082058\,\text{atm}\cdot\text{L}\cdot\text{mol}^{-1}\cdot\text{K}^{-1}$.

General Gas Equation

The rewritten form of the ideal gas equation applied to compare initial and final conditions of a gas sample: $\frac{P_1V_1}{n_1T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{n_2T_2}$.

Molar Volume

The volume occupied by one mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

Avogadro's Law

The postulate stating that at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same number of molecules, meaning molar quantity is independent of gas identity.

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

The reference conditions defined as a temperature of $273.15\,\text{K}$ and a pressure of $1\,\text{atm}$, under which one mole of an ideal gas occupies $22.414\,\text{L}$.

Production of $H_2(g)$ (Experiment 5)

The laboratory procedure generating hydrogen gas through the reaction of magnesium turnings ($Mg(s)$) with an excess of aqueous hydrochloric acid ($HCl(aq)$).

Production of $O_2(g)$ (Experiment 5)

The laboratory procedure generating oxygen gas via the spontaneous decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2(aq)$), accelerated using an enzyme catalyst.

Catalase

An enzyme found in active dry yeast that serves as a catalyst to considerably speed up the rate of $H_2O_2$ decomposition into $O_2$ and $H_2O$.

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

A law stating that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of its component gases, represented for wet gases as $P_{\text{total}} = P_{H_2O} + P_{\text{gas}}$.

Density of a Gas at STP

The physical property calculated as $\text{density} = \frac{\text{molar mass}}{\text{molar volume}}$, showing that gas density is directly proportional to molar mass at STP.