Fundamentals Of Behavior

Types of Memory

Explicit (facts/memories of events) and Implicit (unconscious/experience)

Explicit Memory

Semantic (memory of facts) and episodic (memory of first hand experiences)

Implicit Memory

Procedural (how to do things/trial and error), Classical (Associations learned not consciously recalled), and priming (changes in behavior as a result of experience that happened recently/frequently)

Stages of Memory

Sensory (immediate processing), STM (working memory from minute to minute), and LTM (lengthy storage of selected things)

Auditory Sensory Memory

Memory based upon sound. Two types echoic (lasts 4 seconds or so) and eidetic (lasts longer than 4 seconds)

Maintenance rehearsal

repeating info mentally or out loud with a goal to memorize it

Synaptic Consolidation

Process of laying down memory trace in LTM

Processes of Memory

Training, retention, testing

Retention Interval

length of time between learning something and trying to remember it

Proactive Interference

First thing learned makes later ones harder to remember (primacy effect)

Retroactive Interference

Later learning clouds memory of earlier lessons (recency effect)

Recall

Ability to access and retrieve stored info from memory

Innate

born with

Learned

Gained by experience

Habituation

Modification of an innate response by repeated exposure to benign releaser (ignoring of unimportant/benign stimuli)

Associative learning

Stimulus causes outcome (pavlovian)

Instrumental learning

action causes outcome (Thorndikes box)

Cognitive reasoning/insight learning

thinking out problem rather than trial and error

Intentionality

Idea that animals think about things

Stimulus enhancement

Learning by watching leading to investigation

Social facilitation

Carrying out behavior because other people in group are doing it

Contagion/observational

Observer catches the mood and copies general attitude

Emulation

Gets to some goal in a different way than observed

Theory of mind

Animals have at least second level intentionality

Batesian mimickry

undefended mimic the aposematic defence of defended models

mullerian mimickry

defended co mimics (share cost of education predators)

Personality

repeated consistent behavioral variations between individuals

Anthropomorphism

considering animals have same cognitive experience of the world as we do

Darwinian Daemon

something that is able to optimize everything (does not exist in nature)

Reaction norm

way we expect phenotype to depend on environment

Density dependent prophylaxis

number of individuals in vicinity influence prepared defenses