Heart and Blood Vessels Lab Dissection Handout

Vocabulary practice flashcards identifying the key heart structures and features listed on the Heart and Blood Vessels Lab Dissection Handout for midterm exam preparation in Anatomy and Physiology Revealed (APR).

APR

Anatomy and Physiology Revealed; the program used to identify the required heart and blood vessel structures for the midterm lab exam.

Apex

The inferior, pointed tip of the heart formed primarily by the left ventricle.

Base

The broad, superior surface of the heart where the great blood vessels emerge and attach.

Superior Vena Cava

A large systemic vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium.

Inferior Vena Cava

A large systemic vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower limbs and abdominopelvic region into the right atrium.

Pulmonary Trunk

The large arterial vessel emerging from the right ventricle that divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries.

Pulmonary Arteries (right and left)

Vessels branching from the pulmonary trunk that carry deoxygenated blood to the right and left lungs.

Right and Left Coronary Arteries

Arteries branching from the base of the ascending aorta that supply oxygenated blood directly to the heart tissue.

Aorta

The largest systemic artery in the body, carrying oxygen-rich blood pumped from the left ventricle to systemic circulation.

Coronary Sinus

A large venous vessel on the posterior surface of the heart that collects deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium.

Auricles (R + L)

Pouch-like, ear-shaped exterior flaps situated on the anterior surface of the right and left atria that expand atrial volume.

Right and Left Atria

The two superior, thin-walled receiving chambers of the heart; the right receives systemic venous blood and the left receives pulmonary venous blood.

Right and Left Ventricles

The two inferior, muscular pumping chambers of the heart; the right pumps blood to the lungs and the left pumps blood into systemic circulation.

Right AV Valve (Tricuspid)

The atrioventricular valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle, consisting of three cusps to prevent backflow into the right atrium.

Left AV Valve (Bicuspid)

The atrioventricular valve (mitral valve) located between the left atrium and left ventricle, consisting of two cusps to prevent backflow into the left atrium.

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

The valve located at the base of the pulmonary trunk that prevents the backflow of blood into the right ventricle during ventricular diastole.

Aortic Semilunar Valve

The valve located at the junction of the left ventricle and the aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle.

Chordae Tendineae

Fibrous, tendon-like cords ('heart strings') connecting the cusps of the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles in the ventricles.

Papillary Muscles

Conical muscular projections arising from the ventricular walls that attach to the chordae tendineae to anchor valve cusps during contraction.

Trabeculae Carneae

Irregular muscular ridges, columns, and folds covering the inner surface of the ventricles.

Pectinate Muscle

Prominent, parallel muscular ridges found along the interior wall of the auricles and the anterior wall of the right atrium.

Interventricular Septum

The thick muscular wall separating the internal cavities of the right and left ventricles.