biology poo cell

Prokaryotic

-Ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA, nucleoid (free-foating)

-Bacteria and archaea

-Smaller ribosomes

-Rigid chemically complex cell wall surrounding plasma membrane

Eukaryotic

-Protists, fungi, plant, animal

-Membrane enclosed nucleus

-More complex, more organelles

-Membrane enclosed organelles performing specific tasks

Both

-Bounded by plasma membrane

-Chromosomes, ribosomes, cytoplasm

Nucleus

-Houses DNA

-Membrane enclosed

-Controls cell activities

Mitochondria

-Powerhouse

-Created energy

-Turns glucose into ATP

-Cellular respiration

Chloroplasts

-Only plant cells

-Turns sunlight into glucose thru photosynthesis

ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

-Network of membranes

-Transports proteins

-Smooth ER: lipids

-Rough ER (ribosomes): proteins

Golgi apparatus

-Packages, ships, sorts, modifies proteins

Lysosomes

-Breaks down waste and unfunctioning organelles

-Recycles

Ribosomes

-Puts together amino acids to make protein

-mRNA gives instructions to ribosomes during protein synthesis

-Free ribosomes: floating in cytoplasm, proteins made go to cytoplasm

-Bound ribosomes: attached to ER/nuclear envelope, packaged in organelles, shipped out of cell

Cytoplasm

-Fluid in cells

-Holds organelles

Cytoskeleton

-Gives cell shape and structure

Peroxisomes

-Breaks down toxic substances and processes fat

-Detoxification

Centrioles

-Helps in cell division

-Builds cilia and flagella

Protein synthesis

1. cell closely copies gene from DNA and created mRNA

2. mRNA leaves nucleus thru tiny pores

3. mRNA travels to ribosome

4. ribosome reads mRNA's genetic code

5. ribosome links amino acids and creates a long chain(one amino acid is one protein)

6. Sent to the Rough ER where it gets modified and shipped to the Golgi Apparatus

7.The Golgi Apparatus further modifies and tags them outside, inside or to the plasma membrane.