Chapter 12 Digestive System Anatomy and Disorders

abdomin/o

Abdomen, abdominal

an/o

Anus

antr/o

Antrum

append/o, appendic/o

Appendix

duoden/o

Duodenum

enter/o

Intestine

esophag/o

Esophagus

gastr/o

Stomach

gingiv/o

Gum

pancreat/o

Pancreas

peritone/o

Peritoneum

polyp/o

Polyp, small growth

pylor/o

Pylorus, pyloric sphincter

hepat/o

Liver

cec/o

Cecum

celi/o, lapar/o

Abdomen, abdominal cavity

cheil/o

Lip

chol/e

Gall, bile

cholangi/o

Bile duct

choledoch/o

Common bile duct

col/o, colon/o

Colon

diverticul/o

Diverticulum

herni/o

Hernia, protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall

ile/o

Ileum

jejun/o

Jejunum

lingu/o

Tongue

or/o, stomat/o

Mouth

palat/o

Palate

rect/o, proct/o

Rectum

sial/o

Saliva, salivary gland

sigmoid/o

Sigmoid colon

steat/o

Fat

uvyl/o

Uvula

xer/o

Dryness

Peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers and supports most of your abdominal organs.

Gastroenteritis

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, typically resulting from bacterial toxins or viral infection and causing vomiting and diarrhea.

Ulcerative colitis

A chronic, inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation in the digestive tract, specifically in the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum.

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to a gallstone blocking the cystic duct.

Cholelithiasis

The formation of gallstones in the gallbladder.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the digestive tract.

Hernia

A condition in which part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity containing it, often involving the intestine at a weak point in the abdominal wall.

Colon cancer

A type of cancer that occurs in the colon or rectum, part of the large intestine, where malignant cells form in the tissues of the colon.

Colonoscopy

A test that allows your doctor to look at the inner lining of your large intestine (rectum and colon) using a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope.

Appendectomy

Surgical removal of the appendix.

Cholecystectomy

Surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Gastroenterologist

A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive system.

Esophagus

The muscular tube that conveys food and liquids from the throat to the stomach.

Duodenum

The first section of the small intestine, immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum.

Jejunum

The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum.

Ileum

The third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum of the large intestine.

Cecum

The first section of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens.

Rectum

The final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.

Sigmoid colon

The S-shaped last part of the colon, leading into the rectum.

Appendix

A tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine.

Pancreas

A large gland behind the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum.

Peritoneum

A serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs.

Lower esophageal sphincter

A ring of muscle at the end of the esophagus where it meets the stomach, which acts as a valve to prevent the backflow of stomach contents.

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection or liver toxins.

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas.