Nazi state characteristics

when were the interwar period dates

1918 - 1959

unemployment figures in germany after wall street crash

6 million peak 1933 

Post wall street crash nazi support figures

May 1929 and july 1932, 2.6% to 37.4%

who did hitler/nazi party appeal to

• german nationalists - treaty of versaille = root of german difficulty

• middle class liked dismantling treaty - life savings wiped out twice in six years 1923, 1929

• enemplyed liked employment plans

• antisemites hated jews

• people hate communism

Describe german poltical instability

• 1930 - 1933

• bruning, papen and schleicher were notable to rule with majority

• hindenburg had to rule by decree

Subordination of the army

august 1934 - army loyal to hitler

what happened on the knight of the long knives

rohm referred to hitler as swine

1934 june

eliminated rohm and his private army the SA

saw as a potential threat to authority

army hated rohm as they thought hitler would put him in charge of them

What was, broadly, hitlers domestic policy, and what was it called in german

gleichschaltung

Saught to bring all aspects of daily life under nazi influence

Headings of nazi state characteristics

• police state

• Totalitarianism

• Gleichschaltung

• Propaganda

• Nuremburg rallies, youth groups

• Education

• Autarky

• Rebuilding of the economy

Describe how the nazis had a police state

• 2 terror groups to control german population - SS and Gestapo

• Leadership - Himmler

• Tracked down, tortured, murdered and imprisoned enemies of state

• Political prisoners sent to concentration camps like dachau

Totalitarianism

Political system in which one individual or party controls everything, no opposition tolerated

Who was joseph gobbles

• head of ministry of propaganda and public enlightenment

• Dr of philosophy

• Totally loyal to hitler

• All books, films, radio broadcasts and newspaper had to have his approval

Propaganda in germany

• reich press law 1934 - all newspaper editors must possess german citizenship, be of Aryan descent and not be married to a jew

• Well known daily papers replaced by das reich

• Films not suiting nazi views banned, eg tarzan and its mate

• Peoples receiver 1933, cheap radio set, allowed nazis to spread propaganda

• Spread black propaganda during the second world war, most famous broadcaster was william joyce/lord haw haw

When was radio introduced into nazi germany and what was it called

Peoples receiver in 1933

Nuremburg rallies !

• every september

• Nuremburg - glorified old germany as a speech

• Spread propaganda

• Lasted a week

• Hitler, up to 20 speeches

• Themes

• Soldiers sworn in on bloody flag

• Main purpose - celebrate achievements, announce new policies

• British ambassador neville Henderson “cathedral of ice”

1933 - praised army

• 1934 - first year of nazi party in germany, dr wagner delivered speech on euthanasia

• 1935 - rally of freedom (from treaty of versailles)

  • Nuremburg laws introduced

  • Strong attack on jews

• 1938

  • Celebrated anschluss

Nazi youth movements and education

• hitler believed third reich last for 1000 years

• Essential next generation introduced to nazi blieves asap

• Hitler youth for boys in 1926, league of german maidens established in 1928

• 1934, membership of hitler youth stood at 3.5 million

• education - history, biology, sport

• Biology - racial purity

• Sport - german master race

• 32% of teachers - nazi party members

• Religious instruction phased out

Nazi economic policy

• Nazi election campaignes based off of promise to end economic crisis after wall street crash

• Acted immediately to create jobs

• dr schact - president of reichsbank

  • Money provided to assist industry, help was given to factories wanting to replace old machinery

  • Provided jobs 1935 onwards

    • Rearmament factories

    • Conscription (100,000 → 550,000)

    • Public work program (roads, gave companies using more workers jobs)

autarky

• autarky

  • 1936

  • 4 year plan to make germany self sufficient

  • Substitutes for petrol, wool, rubber - less efficiant

  • Despite huge emphasis on virtue of agricultural life, agriculture remained weak

    • Farm labourers earned half of those working in industry during the 1930s

• Dr schacht eventually resigned, guns v butter argument, thought hitler was overeliant on arms instead of agriculture

• Hitlers economic plan was short term

economic acheivements in germany

• schachts achievements

  • Amazing

  • Gnp grew 102% between 1932 and 1937

  • Unemployment fell from 6 million in 1933 to 2 million in 1936

  • 1939, shortage of labour in germany

    • Figures painted false picture, most jobs around rearming

    • Agriculture increasingly neglected

    • No oil

anti semitism def

term used to describe hatred and discrimation against the kews

feature of european society for centuries, but took its most violent and evil form in the holocaust during ww2

Hitler and the jews

• hatred of jews major force behind growth of nazi party

• less than 1% of german population

• blamed for all germanys difficulties

• jewish problem

• developed hate n vienna

Kristallnacht

1938 - night of broken glass, killing of german ambassador in paris by a jew caused wave of organized attacks and violence gaainst jews

20,000 jews imprisoned and many left the country