HIST midterm unit3

Indo-Europeans

EN: Peoples speaking related languages who migrated across Eurasia. | JP: 関連する言語を話し、ユーラシア各地へ移動した人々。

Identify the term: Peoples speaking related languages who migrated across Eurasia?

Indo-Europeans | JP: 関連する言語を話し、ユーラシア各地へ移動した人々。

What should you remember about Indo-Europeans?

Peoples speaking related languages who migrated across Eurasia. | JP: 関連する言語を話し、ユーラシア各地へ移動した人々。

Bronze Age Collapse

EN: Around 1200 BCE, many eastern Mediterranean states fell or weakened. | JP: 紀元前1200年頃、東地中海の多くの国家が崩壊・衰退した。

Identify the term: Around 1200 BCE, many eastern Mediterranean states fell or weakened?

Bronze Age Collapse | JP: 紀元前1200年頃、東地中海の多くの国家が崩壊・衰退した。

What should you remember about Bronze Age Collapse?

Around 1200 BCE, many eastern Mediterranean states fell or weakened. | JP: 紀元前1200年頃、東地中海の多くの国家が崩壊・衰退した。

Sea Peoples

EN: Migrating or raiding groups linked to Bronze Age disruptions. | JP: 青銅器時代崩壊期の混乱に関係した移動・襲撃集団。

Identify the term: Migrating or raiding groups linked to Bronze Age disruptions?

Sea Peoples | JP: 青銅器時代崩壊期の混乱に関係した移動・襲撃集団。

What should you remember about Sea Peoples?

Migrating or raiding groups linked to Bronze Age disruptions. | JP: 青銅器時代崩壊期の混乱に関係した移動・襲撃集団。

Hittites

EN: Anatolian empire known for warfare, diplomacy, and ironworking traditions. | JP: アナトリアの帝国。軍事・外交・鉄器文化で知られる。

Identify the term: Anatolian empire known for warfare, diplomacy, and ironworking traditions?

Hittites | JP: アナトリアの帝国。軍事・外交・鉄器文化で知られる。

What should you remember about Hittites?

Anatolian empire known for warfare, diplomacy, and ironworking traditions. | JP: アナトリアの帝国。軍事・外交・鉄器文化で知られる。

Iron Age

EN: Period when iron tools and weapons became widely used. | JP: 鉄製の道具や武器が広く使われるようになった時代。

Identify the term: Period when iron tools and weapons became widely used?

Iron Age | JP: 鉄製の道具や武器が広く使われるようになった時代。

What should you remember about Iron Age?

Period when iron tools and weapons became widely used. | JP: 鉄製の道具や武器が広く使われるようになった時代。

Assyrians

EN: Militarized Mesopotamian people who built a large Iron Age empire. | JP: 強力な軍事力で大帝国を築いたメソポタミアの人々。

Identify the term: Militarized Mesopotamian people who built a large Iron Age empire?

Assyrians | JP: 強力な軍事力で大帝国を築いたメソポタミアの人々。

What should you remember about Assyrians?

Militarized Mesopotamian people who built a large Iron Age empire. | JP: 強力な軍事力で大帝国を築いたメソポタミアの人々。

Assyrian Empire

EN: Empire using organized armies, conquest, and provincial control. | JP: 組織的軍隊・征服・地方支配で拡大した帝国。

Identify the term: Empire using organized armies, conquest, and provincial control?

Assyrian Empire | JP: 組織的軍隊・征服・地方支配で拡大した帝国。

What should you remember about Assyrian Empire?

Empire using organized armies, conquest, and provincial control. | JP: 組織的軍隊・征服・地方支配で拡大した帝国。

Phoenicians

EN: Seafaring traders who founded colonies across the Mediterranean. | JP: 地中海各地に植民市を築いた海上交易民。

Identify the term: Seafaring traders who founded colonies across the Mediterranean?

Phoenicians | JP: 地中海各地に植民市を築いた海上交易民。

What should you remember about Phoenicians?

Seafaring traders who founded colonies across the Mediterranean. | JP: 地中海各地に植民市を築いた海上交易民。

Phoenician Alphabet

EN: Consonant-based writing system that influenced later alphabets. | JP: 後のアルファベットに大きく影響した表音文字体系。

Identify the term: Consonant-based writing system that influenced later alphabets?

Phoenician Alphabet | JP: 後のアルファベットに大きく影響した表音文字体系。

What should you remember about Phoenician Alphabet?

Consonant-based writing system that influenced later alphabets. | JP: 後のアルファベットに大きく影響した表音文字体系。

Ancient Hebrews

EN: People of ancient Israel whose traditions shaped Judaism. | JP: ユダヤ教の伝統形成に重要な古代イスラエルの人々。

Identify the term: People of ancient Israel whose traditions shaped Judaism?

Ancient Hebrews | JP: ユダヤ教の伝統形成に重要な古代イスラエルの人々。

What should you remember about Ancient Hebrews?

People of ancient Israel whose traditions shaped Judaism. | JP: ユダヤ教の伝統形成に重要な古代イスラエルの人々。

Monotheism

EN: Belief in one God, central to ancient Hebrew religion. | JP: 一神のみを信じる考え。古代ヘブライ宗教の中心。

Identify the term: Belief in one God, central to ancient Hebrew religion?

Monotheism | JP: 一神のみを信じる考え。古代ヘブライ宗教の中心。

What should you remember about Monotheism?

Belief in one God, central to ancient Hebrew religion. | JP: 一神のみを信じる考え。古代ヘブライ宗教の中心。

Covenant

EN: Sacred agreement between God and the Hebrew people. | JP: 神とヘブライ人の間の神聖な契約。

Identify the term: Sacred agreement between God and the Hebrew people?

Covenant | JP: 神とヘブライ人の間の神聖な契約。

What should you remember about Covenant?

Sacred agreement between God and the Hebrew people. | JP: 神とヘブライ人の間の神聖な契約。

Kingdoms of Israel and Judah

EN: Hebrew kingdoms that developed in the ancient Levant. | JP: 古代レヴァントに成立したヘブライ人の王国。

Identify the term: Hebrew kingdoms that developed in the ancient Levant?

Kingdoms of Israel and Judah | JP: 古代レヴァントに成立したヘブライ人の王国。

What should you remember about Kingdoms of Israel and Judah?

Hebrew kingdoms that developed in the ancient Levant. | JP: 古代レヴァントに成立したヘブライ人の王国。

Neo-Babylonian Empire

EN: Mesopotamian empire that rose after Assyrian decline. | JP: アッシリア衰退後に台頭したメソポタミア帝国。

Identify the term: Mesopotamian empire that rose after Assyrian decline?

Neo-Babylonian Empire | JP: アッシリア衰退後に台頭したメソポタミア帝国。

What should you remember about Neo-Babylonian Empire?

Mesopotamian empire that rose after Assyrian decline. | JP: アッシリア衰退後に台頭したメソポタミア帝国。

Eastern Mediterranean

EN: Region linking Egypt, Anatolia, the Levant, and Aegean societies. | JP: エジプト・アナトリア・レヴァント・エーゲ海世界を結ぶ地域。

Identify the term: Region linking Egypt, Anatolia, the Levant, and Aegean societies?

Eastern Mediterranean | JP: エジプト・アナトリア・レヴァント・エーゲ海世界を結ぶ地域。

What should you remember about Eastern Mediterranean?

Region linking Egypt, Anatolia, the Levant, and Aegean societies. | JP: エジプト・アナトリア・レヴァント・エーゲ海世界を結ぶ地域。

Late Bronze Age

EN: Period of interconnected eastern Mediterranean kingdoms before the collapse. | JP: 崩壊前に東地中海諸国が密接につながっていた青銅器時代後期。

Identify the term: Period of interconnected eastern Mediterranean kingdoms before the collapse?

Late Bronze Age | JP: 崩壊前に東地中海諸国が密接につながっていた青銅器時代後期。

What should you remember about Late Bronze Age?

Period of interconnected eastern Mediterranean kingdoms before the collapse. | JP: 崩壊前に東地中海諸国が密接につながっていた青銅器時代後期。

Drought and Bronze Age Collapse

EN: Severe drought may have worsened famine, migration, and political instability. | JP: 深刻な干ばつが飢饉・移動・政治不安を悪化させた可能性がある。

Identify the term: Severe drought may have worsened famine, migration, and political instability?

Drought and Bronze Age Collapse | JP: 深刻な干ばつが飢饉・移動・政治不安を悪化させた可能性がある。

What should you remember about Drought and Bronze Age Collapse?

Severe drought may have worsened famine, migration, and political instability. | JP: 深刻な干ばつが飢饉・移動・政治不安を悪化させた可能性がある。

Why did the Bronze Age Collapse happen?

EN: Likely multiple causes: drought, migration, warfare, rebellion, and system breakdown. | JP: 干ばつ・移動・戦争・反乱・社会システム崩壊など複合要因。

Which historical question does this answer? Likely multiple causes: drought, migration, warfare, rebellion, and system breakdown?

Why did the Bronze Age Collapse happen? | JP: 干ばつ・移動・戦争・反乱・社会システム崩壊など複合要因。

Give the core answer: Why did the Bronze Age Collapse happen?

Likely multiple causes: drought, migration, warfare, rebellion, and system breakdown. | JP: 干ばつ・移動・戦争・反乱・社会システム崩壊など複合要因。

Why did iron spread after the Bronze Age?

EN: Iron became a widely available material for tools and weapons. | JP: 鉄が道具や武器に広く利用できる素材となったため。

Which historical question does this answer? Iron became a widely available material for tools and weapons?

Why did iron spread after the Bronze Age? | JP: 鉄が道具や武器に広く利用できる素材となったため。

Give the core answer: Why did iron spread after the Bronze Age?

Iron became a widely available material for tools and weapons. | JP: 鉄が道具や武器に広く利用できる素材となったため。

Phoenician trade network

EN: Sea routes connected Phoenician cities with colonies around the Mediterranean. | JP: 海上交易路がフェニキア都市と地中海各地の植民市を結んだ。

Identify the term: Sea routes connected Phoenician cities with colonies around the Mediterranean?

Phoenician trade network | JP: 海上交易路がフェニキア都市と地中海各地の植民市を結んだ。

What should you remember about Phoenician trade network?

Sea routes connected Phoenician cities with colonies around the Mediterranean. | JP: 海上交易路がフェニキア都市と地中海各地の植民市を結んだ。

Phoenician colonies

EN: Overseas settlements that supported commerce and maritime expansion. | JP: 交易と海上進出を支えた海外植民都市。

Identify the term: Overseas settlements that supported commerce and maritime expansion?

Phoenician colonies | JP: 交易と海上進出を支えた海外植民都市。

What should you remember about Phoenician colonies?

Overseas settlements that supported commerce and maritime expansion. | JP: 交易と海上進出を支えた海外植民都市。

Why was the Phoenician alphabet influential?

EN: Its simpler sound-based system influenced Greek and later alphabets. | JP: 比較的簡潔な表音体系がギリシャ文字など後世に影響したため。

Which historical question does this answer? Its simpler sound-based system influenced Greek and later alphabets?

Why was the Phoenician alphabet influential? | JP: 比較的簡潔な表音体系がギリシャ文字など後世に影響したため。

Give the core answer: Why was the Phoenician alphabet influential?

Its simpler sound-based system influenced Greek and later alphabets. | JP: 比較的簡潔な表音体系がギリシャ文字など後世に影響したため。

Deportation under Assyria

EN: Assyrians relocated conquered populations to control the empire. | JP: アッシリアは支配のため征服民を強制移住させた。

Identify the term: Assyrians relocated conquered populations to control the empire?

Deportation under Assyria | JP: アッシリアは支配のため征服民を強制移住させた。

What should you remember about Deportation under Assyria?

Assyrians relocated conquered populations to control the empire. | JP: アッシリアは支配のため征服民を強制移住させた。

Assyrian military power

EN: Organized armies, siege warfare, and terror helped expand the empire. | JP: 組織軍・攻城戦・威圧が帝国拡大を支えた。

Identify the term: Organized armies, siege warfare, and terror helped expand the empire?

Assyrian military power | JP: 組織軍・攻城戦・威圧が帝国拡大を支えた。

What should you remember about Assyrian military power?

Organized armies, siege warfare, and terror helped expand the empire. | JP: 組織軍・攻城戦・威圧が帝国拡大を支えた。

Nineveh

EN: Major capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. | JP: 新アッシリア帝国の主要な首都。

Identify the term: Major capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire?

Nineveh | JP: 新アッシリア帝国の主要な首都。

What should you remember about Nineveh?

Major capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. | JP: 新アッシリア帝国の主要な首都。

Nebuchadnezzar II

EN: Neo-Babylonian king associated with Babylon's power and rebuilding. | JP: バビロンの繁栄と再建に結びつく新バビロニア王。

Identify the term: Neo-Babylonian king associated with Babylon's power and rebuilding?

Nebuchadnezzar II | JP: バビロンの繁栄と再建に結びつく新バビロニア王。

What should you remember about Nebuchadnezzar II?

Neo-Babylonian king associated with Babylon's power and rebuilding. | JP: バビロンの繁栄と再建に結びつく新バビロニア王。

Levant

EN: Eastern Mediterranean coast including ancient Israel, Judah, and Phoenician cities. | JP: 古代イスラエル・ユダ・フェニキア都市を含む東地中海沿岸。

Identify the term: Eastern Mediterranean coast including ancient Israel, Judah, and Phoenician cities?

Levant | JP: 古代イスラエル・ユダ・フェニキア都市を含む東地中海沿岸。

What should you remember about Levant?

Eastern Mediterranean coast including ancient Israel, Judah, and Phoenician cities. | JP: 古代イスラエル・ユダ・フェニキア都市を含む東地中海沿岸。

YHWH

EN: Divine name used for the God of ancient Israel in Hebrew tradition. | JP: ヘブライ伝統で古代イスラエルの神を指す神名。

Identify the term: Divine name used for the God of ancient Israel in Hebrew tradition?

YHWH | JP: ヘブライ伝統で古代イスラエルの神を指す神名。

What should you remember about YHWH?

Divine name used for the God of ancient Israel in Hebrew tradition. | JP: ヘブライ伝統で古代イスラエルの神を指す神名。

Elohim

EN: Another Hebrew term used for God in biblical texts. | JP: 聖書本文で神を指す別のヘブライ語表現。

Identify the term: Another Hebrew term used for God in biblical texts?

Elohim | JP: 聖書本文で神を指す別のヘブライ語表現。

What should you remember about Elohim?

Another Hebrew term used for God in biblical texts. | JP: 聖書本文で神を指す別のヘブライ語表現。

Biblical narrative as a source

EN: It can reveal beliefs and traditions but must be analyzed historically. | JP: 信仰や伝統を示すが、歴史資料として批判的分析が必要。

Identify the term: It can reveal beliefs and traditions but must be analyzed historically?

Biblical narrative as a source | JP: 信仰や伝統を示すが、歴史資料として批判的分析が必要。

What should you remember about Biblical narrative as a source?

It can reveal beliefs and traditions but must be analyzed historically. | JP: 信仰や伝統を示すが、歴史資料として批判的分析が必要。

Genesis creation stories

EN: Biblical accounts describing the creation of the world and humans. | JP: 世界と人間の創造を語る『創世記』の物語。

Identify the term: Biblical accounts describing the creation of the world and humans?

Genesis creation stories | JP: 世界と人間の創造を語る『創世記』の物語。

What should you remember about Genesis creation stories?

Biblical accounts describing the creation of the world and humans. | JP: 世界と人間の創造を語る『創世記』の物語。

Noah story

EN: Biblical flood narrative about judgment, survival, and covenant. | JP: 裁き・生存・契約を扱う聖書の洪水物語。

Identify the term: Biblical flood narrative about judgment, survival, and covenant?

Noah story | JP: 裁き・生存・契約を扱う聖書の洪水物語。

What should you remember about Noah story?

Biblical flood narrative about judgment, survival, and covenant. | JP: 裁き・生存・契約を扱う聖書の洪水物語。

Why were the Phoenicians important after the collapse?

EN: Their trade and alphabet helped reconnect and influence Mediterranean societies. | JP: 交易と文字体系で地中海世界の再接続と文化交流に貢献したため。

Which historical question does this answer? Their trade and alphabet helped reconnect and influence Mediterranean societies?

Why were the Phoenicians important after the collapse? | JP: 交易と文字体系で地中海世界の再接続と文化交流に貢献したため。

Give the core answer: Why were the Phoenicians important after the collapse?

Their trade and alphabet helped reconnect and influence Mediterranean societies. | JP: 交易と文字体系で地中海世界の再接続と文化交流に貢献したため。

Why were the Assyrians feared?

EN: They combined effective armies with harsh punishment and forced relocation. | JP: 強力な軍事力に厳しい処罰と強制移住を組み合わせたため。