Psych Ch 10: Motivation

motivation

an inferred process that causes movement either toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation

intrinsic motivation

doing something because you want to; for the sake of doing it

extrinsic motivation

doing something for reward, like money

set point

an individual’s general weight range when not trying to lose/gain weight, set by biological processes and determined predominantly by genes

orexigenic substance

hormones/compounds that increase appetite

anorexigenic substances

hormones/compounds that decrease appetite

5 biggest influences on international rise in weight:

1. increased abundance of fast food/processed food

2. increased portion sizes

3. high sugar, high calorie soda

4. technology, devices, desk jobs → sedentary activity, decline in exercise

5. abundance of food variety

bulimia nervosa

eating disorder: binging → vomiting/laxatives → fasting/excessive exercise

anorexia nervosa

eating disorder: severe undereating, fear of becoming fat, distorted body image

The hormone that helps regulate appetite by telling the hypothalamus that the body has stored enough fat is called…

leptin

Does distraction lead to more or less eating?

More

two important hormones for social bonding (familial, romantic, friend…):

vasopressin & oxytocin

(attachment can also involve release of endorphins)

first & second major predictor of who we love:

proximity and similarity

attachment styles can be derived from…

how they were cared for as a child, as well as their own temperament

One of the most important psychological predictors of satisfaction in long-term relationships:

the perception, by both partners, that the relationship is fair, rewarding, and balanced

passionate love vs companionate love

passionate: characterized by intense emotions and sexual passion

companionate: characterized by affection and trust

secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment

secure: not jealous or worried about abandonment, quick to understand and forgive

anxious: clingy; want to be close but worry that their partners will leave them

avoidant: distrust and avoid intimate attachments

what hormone promotes sexual desire?

testosterone

3 biggest motives for rape:

1. narcissism & hostility toward women

2. a desire to dominate, humiliate, or punish the victim

3. sadism (pleasure from others’ pain)

sexual script

how your culture/social seen expects you to behave sexually, based on religion, sex, gender, age, etc

how does the mere introduction of increased testosterone affect sexual desire?

Not very much; primate sexual desire is affected by many interacting processes

best conditions to set a goal under:

• specific

• challenging but achievable

• set publicly (accountability)

• set an approach goal: goal with desirable experience; rather than an avoidance goal: goal with avoiding undesirable experience

(another thing is why you’re working for that goal)

performance goals vs mastery (learning) goals

performance goal - worried about how others will perceive you; mastery goal - increasing competence and skill and finding internal pleasure (obv mastery goals do better)

other contributors to success:

self-control, grit, self-efficacy (confidence)

What you see around you…

…influences what you want, and what you think you can get

work motivation and satisfaction depend on:

the right fit between qualities of the individual and conditions of the work

what we know about happiness and satisfaction:

people aren’t always good at predicting what will truly make them happy - what they think is going to be good is not always as good as they think, and what they think will be terrible isn’t as bad. additionally, things that bring internal/intrinsic satisfaction make people more satisfied than external satisfaction - like money

Maslows hierarchy of needs

before we can get to things at the top of the pyramid we have to fulfill and prioritize the things at the bottom of the period!!!!!