Endocrine system- hormones

what are endocrine glands

Collection of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into bloodstream

describe hormones

chemical messengers that travel through blood

What hormones are released by hypothalamus

• Releasing and inhibiting factors

• Anti-duretic hormone and oxytocin made here

what is the target of releaseing and inhibiting factors

targets anterior pituitary gland

what is the purpose of releasing and inhibting factors

regulates release of hormones in the anterior pituitary gland

what hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland

Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Thyroid stimulating hormone, Growth hormone, Prolactin, LH and FSH

What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland

Anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin

what is the target organ and effect of anti-diuretic hormone

• Kidney- specificaly nephron

• regulates water reabsorption

what hormoes are released by the thyroid and are their effect

• Thyroxine - regulates metabolic rate ( increases)

• Calcitonin - lowers blood calcium levels

What hormone does the parathyroid release and it’s effect

• Parathyroid hormone

• raises blood calcium levels and increases phosphate excretion in urine

where is insulin secreted from

beta cells in Islets of Langerhans

where is glucagon secreted from

secreted by alpha cells in Islets of Langerhans

what is the effect of insulin and glucagon

• Insulin: lowers blood glucose levels

• Glucagon: increases blood glucose levels

where is cortisol and aldosterone released from

adrenal cortex

what is the effect of cortisol

regulates stress responses, metabolism and controls blood pressure

what is the effect of aldosterone

increases sodium reabsorption and potassium ion secretion into urine

what is the target organ of aldosterone

the nephron

where is the hormone thymosin produced and the effect

• thymus

• regulate maturation of immune cells

what is the link between endocrine system and homeostasis

• hormones operate via negative feedback loops and stimulus causes response that is the opposite

what is exocrine gland

secretes substance through a duct into a body cavity

What are examples of exocrine gland

sweat glands, salivary glands and pancreas

what is the effect of FSH

Stimulates follicle development in ovaries and sperm production in testes

what is the effect of LH

Triggers ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum; stimulates testosterone production in testes

what is the target organs for calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

bones and kidneys

what is the target organs for insulin and glucagon

liver, muscles and fat cells

what hormone is released by pineal gland and target organs

• melatonin

• targets hypothalamus

what is the function of melatonin

regulates sleep patterns

what are the target organs of adrenaline and noradrenaline

heart, lungs and liver