PPL Gold Seal

61.109 Aeronautical Flight Knowledge

• 40 Hours

• 20 w/ Instructor

• 10 solo

• 3 XC Training

• 3 Night

• 3 training manuvers

• 3 for test

61.103 Eligibility Requirement

• 17 Years

• Speak English

• Revived logbook endorse for ground & Flying

• Pass Knowledge test 61.105

• Flight training endorsement

• Hold a student Pilots License

61.57 (a) Recency Req for Passenger

• 90 days with 3 takeoff & landings

• can be touch and goes

• can be done in a FAA approved sim

61.57 (b) Recency Req for Passenger (Night)

• 90 days with 3 takeoff & full stop landings

• Needs to be 1 hour after sunset & 1 hour before sunrise

61.31 (i) Tail Wheel Endorsement

• Demonstrate: Crosswind Landings, wheel landings, go around procedures

61.31 (e) Complex Endorsement

• Retractable Landing Gear, Flaps, and Control Pitch Prop

61.31 (f) High Performance Endorsement

• 200+ HP Aircraft

• req logged ground and Flight training CFI

61.31 (g) High Altitude

• For Service Ceilings / Max Operational Alt / 25000’

• Logged Training in

  • high alt aero and Meteorology

  • Hypoxia and high alt sicknesses

  • 02 Duration

  • Supplemental 02

  • gas Expansion

  • Incidents of Decompression

61.113 Limitations of a PPL (Money)

• may not pay Pro Ratio Share

• Cant fly for hire

  • can fly for Charity

  • can fly to demonstrate aircraft

  • can fly for towing gliders

61.87 Req to solo

• a knowledge test (not FAA)

• Pre solo Training

• Maneuvers & Precedures

• Log book Endorsements every 90 days

Endorsement numbers

• 61.87 (solo)

• 61.93 (25 nm from airport)

• 61.95 (class b)

830.2 Accident vs Incident

• Accident: intend to fly but something like substantial damage or serious injury happens in roll or flight

• Incident: Anything else that effects saftey

Instrument Rating Required

• When PIC in IFR Conditions (61.3)

• Carrying passengers for hire XC (61.113)

• Flight in class A (91.135)

• Special VFR at sunrise/sunset (91.157)

61.3 What Documents are Needed Every Flight

• PPL

• 3rd Class Medical or higher

• Photo ID

• Radio License out of US air

61.60 Change of address

30 days to update

21.197 Special Flight Permits

• Maintenance or Storage

• Delivering

• flight testing

• Evacuating

• Customer Demonstration

Category, Class, Type

Category:

• Airplane, Rotary, Glider

Class:

• Single Engine, Multi Engine, Land, Sea

Type:

• Cessna 172, F-22 Raptor

91.151 Minimum Fuel Req

Day:

• to destination + 30 minuets

Night

• to destination + 45 minuets

91.171 Types of 30 day VOR Checks

• VOT 4

• Repair Station 4

• VOR Ground Checkpoint 4

  VOR Airborn Checkpoint 6

• Dual VOR Cross Check 4

• Above a prominant Landmark 6

91.213 Operating with INOP Equipment Checklist

1. Does Plane have MEL

2. Req by type cirtificate data sheet

3. Req by Kinds of Equipment list

4. Req by 91.205

5. Req by AD/STC

6. Label / Placard INOP

7. Go / No Go

91.407 (b) Test flight

• Cant carry Passengers till after

Magnetic Compass Errors acr.

UNOS & ANDS

Pilot Checkup acr.

IMSAFE

Preflight acr.

PAVE

Documents acr.

ARROWPEC

Aircraft Maintenance Records acr.

AV1ATES

Minimum VFR Equipment acr.

ATOMATOFLAMES

Minimum VFR Equipment Night acr.

FLAPS

Preflight XC Planning Info acr.

NWKRAFT

Cessna Engine acr.

LHAND

Engine Failure acr.

ABCDE

Lost Procedures acr.

CCCCC

Airspeed Indicator Colors

White Arc

• Flaps Range

Green Arc

• Normal Operation

Yellow Arc

• Caution Operation

Red Arc

• Never Exceed

Indicated Airspeed (IAS)

What it shows on the Airspeed Indicator

Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)

IAS + instrument correction

Equivalent Airspeed (EAS)

IAS + Compression correction

True Airspeed (TAS)

Actual speed through the air

Ground Speed (GS)

TAS + Wind

Speed Va

Maneuvering Speed

Speed Vs

Stall speed clean

Speed Vso

Stall speed w/ flaps

Speed Vs1

Stall speed w/ specified config

Speed Vf

Flaps engage speed

Speed Vle

Landing Gear Extend Speed

Speed Vfe

Flaps full speed

Speed Vno

Maximum Structural Maneuvering Speed

Speed Vne

Never Exceed

Speed Vx

Shortest distance climb

Speed Vy

Best Climb Rate

Speed Vg

Best glide speed

91.117 Max Airspeeds

• 250 kts below 10000’

• 200 kts under class B

• 200 kts 4nm near C, D

• mach 1.0 above 10000

Indicated Altitude

Altitude on the altimeter when corrected for outside pressure

Pressure Altitude

Altitude corrected for pressure (29.92 on the altimeter)

Density Altitude

Pressure altitude corrected for temperature (for performance)

True Altitude

Above Mean Sea Level (MSL)

Absolute Altitude

Above Ground (AGL)

Hypoxic

Lungs don’t get enough O2

Hypemic

Blood cant carry enough o2

Stagnant

Blood isn’t moving fast enough

Histotoxic

muscles cant use enough O2

Hyperventilation

too much O2, get Co2 in body

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

• Exposure to colorless, odorless, tasteless gas

• cause by cabin heat exhaust leak

• Vent air if possible and land asap

1st Class Medical

• Req for airlines

• Valid for 12 months under 40, 6 over 40

2nd Class Medical

• Req for Commercial License

• Valid for 12 months

3rd Class Medical

• Req for PPL, CFI, Students

• Valid for 60 months under 40, 24 over 40

Basic Med Eligibility

• Have US Drivers License and FAA medical after 2006

• Physical exam

• Basic med course

Basic Med Aircraft

• under 12500 pounds

• less than 7 seats

Basic Med Operating limits

• less than 6 passangers

• under 250 kts

• under 18000’

• not for hire

Disorientation/Illusions: The Leans

want to return level even tho you are

Disorientation/Illusions: Coriolis Illusion

Turning right feels left

Disorientation/Illusions: Graveyard Spiral

Turning doesn’t feel like turning anymore

Disorientation/Illusions: Somatogravic

Acceleration feels like pitching upward

Disorientation/Illusions: Inversion

Climb to strait and level feels like tumbling backward

Disorientation/Illusions: Elevator

updraft feels like pitching up

Disorientation/Illusions: False Horizon

orientating aircraft with slanted cloud

Disorientation/Illusions: Auto Kenesis

Dark Flying, stationary lights start moving

Effects of Alcohol

• less than 0.4 and 8 hours after

• causes errors

• 3 hours digestion per mixed drink

Airspace A Req

• ATC Clearence

• IFR Equiped

• Instrument Rating

Airspace B Req

• Hear the words “Cleared into Bravo”

• Two way communication

• Mode C Transponder & ADS-B

• PPL Rating w/ Exceptions

Airspace C

• Two Way communication

• Two Way transponder, altitude reporting

ADS-B Req

• Class E above 10000’

• 30 nm of Class B (Mode C Veil)

• Within class C

• Within 12nm of US Coast

91.215 Missing Broken Transponder

request deviation

91.21 Electronic devises

Don’t operate anything that could interfere with Nav or communication

Rime Ice

formed when wind strikes leading edge

Clear Ice

Dense Ice from slow freezing

Mixed Ice

• Rime + Clear Ice

• Big aero effects

Frost

• Ice crystal formed by sublimation (solid to gas)

• Needs removed form all airfoils before takeoff

• Very Dangerous

Ice Intensities

• Trace

• Light

• Moderate

• Severe

Types of Drag

• parasite drag

  • Caused by moving solid through air

• Induced

  • Caused by the x factor of lift

How does Lift

• Air gets pushed down

• Berneullies

What is Angle of attack

Degree difference between chordline and incoming wind

Slip Turn

Ball indicator into turn

Skid Turn

Ball indicator opposite of turn

Load Factor

Gravity + Centrifugal force

Left Turning Tendencies

• Torque

• Gyro

  • Tail Wheel Aircraft thing

• Spiraling Slipstream

• P-Factor

  • Climbing, right prop bites more

What is a Stall

• Separation of air over a wing

• Caused by exceeding the Critical AOA

Common Stalls

• Approach (power off)

• Departure (power on)

• Turning

• Accelerated Stall

  • higher load factor

Detonation

• uncontrolled explotion

• Caused by excessively lean mixture or lower grade fuel

Pre-Ignition

• Explosion happens before it should

• Caused by a hot spot in cylinder

Spark Plug Fowling

• Carbon buildup on spark plugs

• caused by low engine temps and rich mixture