Community and Population Health Nursing Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts in community health nursing, public health functions, models of care, level of prevention, vulnerability factors, family nursing approaches, and community assessment methods.

Community

People and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and use in common agencies and institutions and a physical environment.

Community Residents

The people who belong to or reside within a specific community.

Community Place

The dimension of a community encompassing both geographical location and time.

Community Function

The aims and activities characteristic of a community.

Aggregate

A group of people who share interests, concerns, values, goals, activities, health traits, or risk factors.

Community of Solution

A aggregate formed specifically when people work together to address a common health problem.

Geographic Boundaries

Physical location borders defining a community, such as school districts or city limits.

Non-geopolitical Boundaries

Defined community borders that are not established by political jurisdictions, such as a neighbourhood or summer camp.

Community Social System

Interacting community members constituting interrelated and interdependent subsystems.

Community Health Status

A community health characteristic evaluated by physical indicators (morbidity and mortality rates) and emotional indicators (client satisfaction).

Community Health Structure

The services and resources provided within a community.

Community Health Process

The effectiveness of community functioning or problem-solving capabilities.

Individual or Family Level

Level C in population health analysis representing specific individuals or families, such as women (15-24), men (65 and older), or infants (0-12 months).

Public Health Assessment

Core function of public health involving monitoring health status, diagnosing and investigating health problems/hazards, and evaluating service effectiveness, accessibility, and quality.

Policy Development

Core function of public health involving developing policies and plans, enforcing laws and regulations, and researching innovative solutions to health problems.

Assurance

Core function of public health ensuring that services are delivered by linking people to care, assuring a competent workforce, empowering citizens, and mobilizing community partnerships.

Public Health

Organized community efforts designed to prevent disease and promote health across the entire population.

Leading Causes of Death in 1900

Pneumonia, flu, TB (tuberculosis), and infectious diarrhea.

Leading Causes of Death in 2016

Heart disease, cancer, and unintentional injuries.

Leading Causes of Death in 2020

Heart disease, cancer, and COVID.

Projected Causes of Death in 2025

Heart disease, cancer, and unintentional injuries.

Community Health Nursing

Nursing practice focused on health promotion within specific geographic areas.

Population Health

Healthcare approach focusing specifically on the needs of a defined target group.

Population-Focused Nursing Practice

Practice focusing on different groups composing a community, recognizing non-homogeneity, identifying vulnerable subpopulations early, and linking care quality to cost across the healthcare continuum.

Modes of Nursing Care

Framework dividing nursing care into Community Based Care and Community Oriented Care, spanning roles like Home Care Nurses, Outpatient IV Nurses, Parish Nurses, School Nurses, and Public Health Nurses.

Utilitarianism

Ethical principle focused on maximizing benefits, minimizing harm, and achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Distributive Justice

Ethical principle of treating people fairly and distributing resources and burdens equitably among all members of a society.

Respect for Autonomy

Ethical principle stating that individuals may select actions fulfilling their goals unless their decisions cause harm to others.

Nonmaleficence

Ethical principle requiring healthcare providers to ensure no harm is done while applying standards of care.

Beneficence

Ethical principle directing providers to maximize possible benefits and minimize harm.

Downstream Endeavors

Short-term, individual-based healthcare interventions aimed at managing existing acute health issues ( metaphorically pulling victims out of the river).

Upstream Endeavors

Health interventions focused on modifying economic, political, and environmental factors to prevent health issues from occurring (metaphorically stopping victims from being pushed into the river).

Health Promotion

Activities designed to foster human attitudes and behaviors that maintain or enhance well-being.

Disease Prevention

Activities designed to protect individuals from becoming ill due to actual or potential health threats.

Primary Prevention Activities

Level 1 prevention activities focused on preventing health problems before they occur, such as immunization.

Secondary Prevention Activities

Prevention activities focused on early detection and intervention, such as screening for sexually transmitted diseases.

Tertiary Prevention Activities

Level of prevention focusing on correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state, such as teaching insulin administration in the home.

Upstream Approaches to Stroke Prevention

A comprehensive community strategy illustrating primary prevention (upstream healthy living), secondary prevention (hypertension clinics), and tertiary prevention (rehabilitation/reintegration) for stroke care.

Vulnerability

A state of defenselessness, fragility, or susceptibility to harm, characterized by being capable of being physically wounded or open to attack and damage.

Social Determinants of Health

Environmental and societal factors—such as education, healthcare access, environment, social context, and economic stability—that contribute to population vulnerability and health outcomes.

Education Access and Quality

A social determinant of health including literacy, language, vocational training, and early childhood education.

Health Care Access and Quality

A social determinant of health including health coverage, provider availability, quality of care, and cultural competency.

Neighbourhood and Physical Environment

A social determinant of health including housing, transportation, safety, parks, walkability, and geography.

Social and Community Context

A social determinant of health including social integration, support systems, engagement, stress, and discrimination.

Economic Stability

A social determinant of health including employment, income, expenses, debt, support, and ability to pay bills.

Vulnerable Populations

Groups at greater risk for poor health status and healthcare access due to increased sensitivity to cumulative risk factors and limited physical, environmental, personal, or biopsychosocial resources.

Health Disparities

Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health experienced by socially disadvantaged populations.

Healthy People 2030

Broad national public health goals that are re-evaluated every 10 years to influence health policy and practice.

Asset-Based Community Development Model

A model viewing communities as having capacities and gifts ('glass half full') rather than focusing solely on deficiencies and needs ('glass half empty').

Ecological Model

A framework recognizing that the same environment can have different impacts on individuals across individual, relationship, community, and societal factors.

CHANGE Model

Community Health Assessment and Group Evaluation; a model used to identify community strengths and resources, guide identification of weaknesses, and create strategies for improved outcomes.

Vulnerability Model

A health framework categorizing population risk across four domains: sociocultural, environmental, behavioral, and biological.

Sociocultural Domain

A domain of vulnerability including economic status, education, cultural values, social support, and healthcare access and quality.

Environmental Domain

A domain of vulnerability encompassing living surroundings such as climate, geography, home/work environment, air quality, and violence.

Behavioral Domain

A domain of vulnerability encompassing lifestyle patterns such as diet, weight control, exercise, alcohol/drug use, sexual practices, and emotional health.

Biological Domain

A domain of vulnerability encompassing physical/physiological factors such as age, low birth weight, chemical imbalances, and genetic predispositions like BRCA 1 and BRCA 2.

Physical Family Function

A family function focused on meeting basic physical needs including food, shelter, and safety.

Reproductive Family Function

A family function providing a structure for adding new members through procreation or adoption.

Socialization Family Function

A family function centered on teaching social skills and sharing values and beliefs through learned interactions.

Economic Family Function

A family function involving financial resource management, saving and spending habits, and work ethic.

Affective Nurturance

A family function centered on maintaining relationship boundaries and emotional support.

Health Promotion and Self-Care (Family)

A family function aimed at maintaining positive health practices over a lifetime.

Family Structure

The structural makeup of a family, including member count, age, gender, relationships, internal interactions, and interactions with society.

Healthy Family Characteristics

Commitment, appreciation, positive communication, enjoyable time together, spiritual well-being, and coping ability.

Family Dysfunction

Instability in family structure arising from conflict, leading to difficulty identifying/solving problems and continual crises.

Family Resilience

The ability of a family to grow stronger during difficult times using shared belief systems, organizational processes, positive communication, and problem-solving.

Plan for Family Assessment

A systematic strategy establishing assessment goals, attendee list, interpreter requirements, meeting location/setup, data collection methods, and insurance sources.

Family as Context

An approach to family nursing in which the individual client is in the foreground and the family is in the background.

Family as Client

An approach to family nursing in which the family as a whole is in the foreground and individual members are in the background.

Family as System

An approach to family nursing focusing on the interactional dynamics and interrelationships between family members.

Family as Component of Society

An approach to family nursing viewing the family as one institution among many ( legal, educational, religious, financial, health) forming society.

Family Genogram

A generational diagram mapping family structure, timelines, health conditions, and conflicts to assess and predict family patterns.

Family Ecomap

A visual tool illustrating a family's relationship strength, resources, needs, and connections with community organizations.

Data Gathering

The step in the assessment phase focused on obtaining existing data that already exists in records or statistics.

Data Generation

The step in the assessment phase focused on developing new qualitative or quantitative data that does not currently exist.

Database Analysis

The step in community assessment aimed at organizing and analyzing collected data to identify strengths, weaknesses, and priorities.

Informant Interviewing

A data collection method involving structured questioning of key individuals in a community, requiring awareness of potential bias.

Participant Observation

A community data collection method involving spending time directly in an area to pick up observational data.

Windshield Survey

An observational community data collection method performed by driving through a location to assess physical characteristics, housing quality, and population trends.

Secondary Analysis

The community assessment method of evaluating previously compiled public data, such as census figures or vital statistics.

Community Forum

A data collection method where community members gather publicly to voice their feelings and perspectives on issues.

Beads Assessment

A community assessment approach that focuses primarily on identifying deficiencies and unmet needs, metaphorically described as an empty cup.

Capacity Inventory

An evaluation tool that maps out the existing skills, talents, and strengths of community members, reflecting a glass-half-full perspective.

Photovoice

A qualitative evaluation method where residents take photographs surrounding a designated topic to visually document and communicate community realities.