📸✨✨✨DH103 Dental Radiology Quiz#4 Module 6

(1) All ionizing radiations cause damage to living tissues. (2) Although very little radiation is used in dentistry, damage to the cells can occur.

A.Both statements are true.

B.The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

C.The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

D.Both statements are false.

A.Both statements are true.

All ionizing radiations are harmful and produce biologic changes in living tissue. The amount of radiation used in dental radiography is small, but biologic damage does occur. The amount of radiation used in dental radiography is small, but biologic damage does occur. All ionizing radiations are harmful and produce biologic changes in living tissue.

The indirect theory proposes that:

A.changes occur to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of a cell.

B.ionizing radiation strikes critical areas within cells.

C.toxins are created from the formation of free radicals.

D.direct injuries occur more frequently than indirect injuries.

C.toxins are created from the formation of free radicals.

The indirect theory proposes that free radicals combine to form toxins. The direct theory proposes that ionizing radiation directly hits critical areas within cells. Indirect injuries occur more frequently than direct injuries. The direct theory proposes that the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of a cell is damaged during radiation exposure.

A nonthreshold dose-response curve suggests that:

A.radiation exposure below the threshold will not damage tissues.

B.radiation exposure below the threshold is safe for living tissue.

C.radiation exposure, no matter how small, causes damage to living tissue.

D.radiation exposure above the threshold amount causes some damage to tissues.

C.radiation exposure, no matter how small, causes damage to living tissue.

A nonthreshold dose-response curve suggests that no matter how small the amount of radiation received, some biologic damage occurs.

Stochastic biologic effects from radiation:

A.are directly related to exposure and effect.

B.occur as a result of exposure, but severity is not determined by dose.

C.cause significant damage to cell or cell death.

D.have a dose threshold.

B. occur as a result of exposure, but severity is not determined by dose.

Nonstochastic biologic effects from radiation are directly related to exposure and effect. Stochastic biologic effects from radiation occur as a direct function of dose. Nonstochastic biologic effects from radiation have a dose threshold; stochastic biologic effects from radiation do not have a dose threshold. Nonstochastic biologic effects cause significant damage to a cell or cell death.

___________ refers to the total amount of radiation that is received or absorbed.

A.Cell sensitivity

B.Dose rate

C.Amount of tissue irradiated

D.Total dose

D.Total dose refers to the quantity of radiation received or the total amount of radiation energy absorbed. Dose rate is the rate at which exposure to radiation occurs and absorption takes place. Amount of tissue irradiated refers to the areas of the body exposed. Cell sensitivity refers to the susceptibility of the particular type of cell to radiation.

Which types of cells are more sensitive to radiation: (1) rapidly dividing, (2) slowly dividing, (3) young, and/or (4) old?

1 and 3

Rapidly dividing, young cells are most sensitive to radiation.

Which of the following statements is true of somatic effects of irradiation?

A.Mutations occur that affect the health of offspring.

B.Damage cannot be repaired.

C.Changes are in the genetic cells of the individual.

D.Changes are not transmitted to future generations.

D.Changes are not transmitted to future generations.

Somatic effects are not transmitted to future generations. Changes in genetic cells of the individual are a genetic effect. Mutations that affect the health of offspring are a genetic effect. Genetic damage cannot be repaired.

Which of the following is the least sensitive to x-rays?

A.Active Bone marrow

B.Intestines

C.Salivary glands

D.Lymphoid tissue

C.Salivary glands

Bone marrow is considered to be radiosensitive. Salivary glands are considered to be radioresistant tissues. Lymphoid tissue is considered to be radiosensitive. Intestines are considered to be radiosensitive.

The traditional unit of dose is called:

A.the roentgen (R).

B.the radiation absorbed dose (rad).

C.the roentgen equivalent in man (rem).

D.the gray (Gy).

B.the radiation absorbed dose (rad).

The roentgen is the traditional unit of exposure for x-rays; the traditional unit of dose is the rad. The traditional unit of dose is called the rad. The rem is the traditional unit of the dose equivalent; the traditional unit of dose is the rad. The gray is the SI unit equivalent to the rad; the traditional unit of dose is the rad.

________________ is/are the single largest contributor to artificial radiation exposure.

A.Consumer products

B.The nuclear fuel cycle

C.Fallout from atomic weapons

D.Medical radiation

D.Medical radiation

Consumer products contribute 0.00009 Sv/year, less than medical radiation. Medical radiation is the single largest contributor to artificial radiation exposure. Fallout from atomic weapons contributes

The potential risk of dental radiography inducing a fatal cancer in an individual is about _________ the risk of a person developing cancer spontaneously.

A.1/100

B.1/10

C.1/1000

D.1/1,000,000

C.1/1000

The potential risk of dental radiography inducing a fatal cancer in an individual is about 1/1000 the risk of a person developing cancer spontaneously.

Your patient is concerned about being exposed to dental x-rays. Which of the following could you tell your patient to alleviate their fears?

A.The risks from dental imaging are less than the risks of other everyday activities in modern life.

B.Your risk of getting cancer from dental x-rays is only 2 times greater than getting cancer spontaneously.

C.Three fourths of the radiation exposure you will have throughout your life will come from background radiation.

D.We take x-rays once a year, it is safe, and that is all your insurance will pay for.

A.The risks from dental imaging are less than the risks of other everyday activities in modern life.

Dental images should be prescribed for a patient only when the benefit of disease detection outweighs the risk of biologic damage. The potential risk of dental imaging inducing a fatal cancer in an individual has been estimated to be approximately 3 in 1 million. The risk of a person developing cancer spontaneously is much higher, or 3300 in 1 million. The risks from dental imaging are not significantly greater than the risks of other everyday activities in modern life. One half of the radiation exposure you will have throughout your life will come from background radiation. In the United States, the average person is exposed to a total of 6.2 mSv of radiation per year (3.1 mSv from natural sources + 3.1 mSv from human-made sources = 6.2 mSv total)

Explain to your patient the steps, in order, in the formation of hydrogen peroxide, a toxin that will cause damage to living tissues.1. Free radicals combine2. Free radical formation3. Cellular dysfunction and biologic damage4. X-ray photons are absorbed by water

A.2, 1, 4, 3

B.1, 2, 3, 4

C.2, 4, 1, 3

D.4, 2, 1, 3

D.4, 2, 1, 3

X-ray photons are absorbed by water, Free radical formation, Free radicals combine, Cellular dysfunction and biologic damage.

The occlusal technique is used to examine

A.interproximal areas.

B.for bone loss.

C.large areas of the upper or lower jaw.

D.third molars.

C.large areas of the upper or lower jaw.

The occlusal technique is used to examine large areas of the upper or lower jaw.

Which size receptor would you use to take an occlusal image on your 3-year-old patient?

A.0

B.2

C.1

D.4

B.2

In children, a size 2 receptor is used in the occlusal examination.

Which of the following is a maxillary occlusal projection but not a mandibular occlusal projection?

A.Pediatric projection

B.Cross-sectional occlusal projection

C.Topographic occlusal projection

D.Lateral occlusal projection

D.Lateral occlusal projection

The lateral occlusal projection is a maxillary occlusal projection but not a mandibular occlusal projection.

Which occlusal projection is used to locate foreign bodies or salivary stones in the region of the floor of the mouth?

A.Pediatric projection

B.Lateral occlusal projection

C.Topographic occlusal projection

D.Cross-sectional occlusal projection

D.Cross-sectional occlusal projection

The cross-sectional occlusal projection is used to locate foreign bodies or salivary stones in the region of the floor of the mouth.

According to the SLOB rule, when two dental images are compared, the object that lies to the lingual appears to have moved in the same direction as the position-indicating device (PID), and the object that lies to the buccal appears to have moved in the opposite direction as the PID.

A.Both statements are true.

B.The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

C.The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

D.Both statements are false.

A.Both statements are true.

According to the SLOB rule, when two dental images are compared, the object that lies to the lingual appears to have moved in the same direction as the PID, and the object that lies to the buccal appears to have moved in the opposite direction as the PID.

Your patient indicates he was shot around tooth number 30 with a BB when he was younger. The BB is still there. He would like it removed. You have been asked to take a dental image of the area to locate the buccal-lingual and anterior-posterior position of the BB. Which of the following would you take?

A.Mandibular molar periapical and a second mandibular molar periapical with the horizontal angulation changed

B.Mandibular occlusal image

C.Mandibular cross-sectional image

D.Mandibular molar periapical image

B.Mandibular occlusal image

This response is referring to the buccal object rule or SLOB. SLOB is used to locate the buccal or lingual orientation of the object. The right angle technique uses the cross-sectional image to locate the buccal-lingual and anterior-posterior orientation of the object. The mandibular molar periapical image can be used to locate the object but cannot be used to determine the buccal-lingual and anterior-posterior position of the BB. The mandibular occlusal image can be used to locate the object but cannot be used to determine the buccal-lingual and anterior-posterior position of the BB.

Advantages of panoramic receptors over intraoral periapical receptors include visualization of1. impacted third molar teeth.2. jaw fractures.3. large lesions in the posterior mandible.

A.1, 3

B.1, 2, 3

C.2, 3

D.1, 2

B.1, 2, 3

Advantages of panoramic receptors over intraoral periapical receptors include visualization of impacted third molar teeth, jaw fractures, and large lesions in the posterior mandible.

*You are examining your patient's panoramic image. You notice that the molars and premolars on the right side are larger than the teeth on the left side. What patient positioning error did you make?

A.The patient is slumped.

B.The patient's teeth are behind the focal trough.

C.The patient's head was turned to the right.

D.The patient's head was turned to the left.

D.The patient's head was turned to the left.

If the patient's head is turned to the right, the teeth on the patient's right side would be closer to the receptor and would be smaller. If the patient's head is turned slightly to one side and not centered on the biteblock, the posterior structures on the side closest to the receptor appear smaller and the posterior structures on the side farthest from the receptor are larger. If the patient's head is turned to the left, the teeth on the patient's left side would be closer to the receptor and appear smaller and the teeth on the patient's right side would be magnified. When the patient is slouched, slumped, or not standing with the shoulders back, the x-ray beam passes through more of the cervical spine because the beam is angled upward at a negative vertical angulation (-10 degrees). The cervical spine appears as a radiopacity in the center of the image and obscures diagnostic information. If the patient's anterior teeth are aligned too far back on the biteblock or posterior to the focal trough, the teeth appear "fat" and out of focus on the image. The roots of the anterior teeth may appear to be cut off.

In panoramic imaging, the x-ray tube rotates around the patient's head in one direction while the receptor rotates __________________ direction.

A.horizontally in the opposite

B.vertically in the same

C.vertically in the opposite

D.horizontally in the same

A.horizontally in the opposite

In panoramic imaging, the x-ray tube rotates around the patient's head in one direction while the receptor rotates horizontally in the opposite direction.

In panoramic imaging, the ___________ is a theoretical concept used to determine where the dental arches must be positioned to achieve the clearest image.

A.focal trough

B.home zone

C.neutral zone

D.waypoint

A.focal trough

In panoramic imaging, the focal trough is a theoretical concept used to determine where the dental arches must be positioned to achieve the clearest image.

The closer the rotation center is to the teeth, the narrower the focal trough. In most panoramic machines, the focal trough is wide in the anterior region and narrow in the posterior region.

A.Both statements are true.

B.The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

C.The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

D.Both statements are false.

C.The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

The closer the rotation center is to the teeth, the narrower the focal trough. In most panoramic machines, the focal trough is narrow in the anterior region and wide in the posterior region.

The collimator used in panoramic imaging has an opening in the shape of a _____________ slit.

A.wide vertical

B.wide horizontal

C.narrow horizontal

D.narrow vertical

D.narrow vertical

The collimator used in panoramic imaging has an opening in the shape of a narrow vertical slit.

The tubehead of the panoramic unit always rotates _________ the patient's head as the receptor rotates _________ the patient.

A.in front of; in front of

B.in front of; behind

C.behind; behind

D.behind; in front of

D.behind; in front of

The tubehead of the panoramic unit always rotates behind the patient's head as the receptor rotates in front of the patient.

You should have your 75-year-old patient remove her partial dentures and her hearing aids before taking a panoramic image because ghost images occur that could cover diagnostic information on the panoramic image.

A.Both parts of the statement are true.

B.Both parts of the statement are false.

C.The first part of the statement is false; the second part of the statement is true.

D.The first part of the statement is true; the second part of the statement is false.

A.Both parts of the statement are true.

All metallic or dense objects (e.g., eyeglasses, earrings, necklaces, intraoral and extraoral piercings, hairpins, removable partial dentures, complete dentures, orthodontic retainers, hearing aids, napkin chains) must be removed before the exposure of a panoramic receptor or a ghost image will result that may obscure diagnostic information

The panoramic image of your patient has two radiopaque areas, one on each side, in the bottom portion of the image. What do you need to do to correct the error?

A.Use a lead apron without a thyroid collar.

B.Have the patient stand up straight.

C.Have the patient remove her partial denture.

D.Remove the lead apron.

A.Use a lead apron without a thyroid collar.

The lead apron must always be worn. The lead apron causes a triangular radiolucent area at the bottom center of the panoramic image. If this error occurs, the lead apron should be adjusted. This error is caused by the thyroid collar. A thyroid collar should not be worn while exposing a panoramic image. A lead apron with a thyroid collar causes a bilateral radiopaque artifact hat obstructs the mandible on a panoramic projection. A partial denture would cause ghost images. When the patient is slouched, slumped, or not standing with the shoulders back, the cervical spine appears as a radiopacity in the center of the image and obscures diagnostic information.

A "reverse smile line" is seen on the image if the patient's

A.chin is tipped up.

B.chin is tipped down.

C.teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block.

D.Teeth are positioned too far back on the bite-block.

A.chin is tipped up.

A "reverse smile line" is seen if the patient's chin is tipped up

The anterior teeth will appear "skinny" if the

A.chin is tipped up.

B.Teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block.

C.chin is tipped down.

D.teeth are positioned too far back on the bite-block.

D.teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block.

The anterior teeth will appear "skinny" if the teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block.

Compact bone is also called __________ bone.

A.cortical

B.spongy

C.trabecular

D.cancellous

A.cortical

Compact bone is also referred to as cortical bone; trabecular bone is cancellous, spongy bone.

The _________ the trabeculations, the _______ radiolucent the area of cancellous bone appears.

A.larger; less

B.smaller; more

C.both a and b

D.larger; more

D.larger; more

The larger the trabeculations, the more radiolucent the area of cancellous bone appears.

A pointed, spikelike protrusion of bone is a

A.ridge.

B.spine.

C.process.

D.tubercle.

B.spine.

A spine is a sharp, thornlike projection of bone. A process is defined as a marked prominence or projection of bone. A ridge is a linear prominence or projection of bone. A tuberosity is a small bump or nodule of bone.

A foramen is a(n)

A.broad, shallow, scooped-out or depressed area of bone.

B.opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

C.sharp, thornlike projection of bone.

D.hollow space, cavity, or recess in bon

B.opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

A foramen is an opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

A _________ is a bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities.

A.process

B.spine

C.septum

D.ridge

C.septum

A septum is a bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities.

This foramen is almond shaped and is located between the apices of the maxillary central incisors.

A.Incisive

B.Lingual

C.Superior

D.Mental

A Incisive

The incisive foramen is an opening or hole in bone that is located in the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors. The mental foramen is an opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of mandibular premolars. The lingual foramen is a tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible. The superior foramina of the incisive canal are two tiny openings or holes in bone that are located on the floor of the nasal cavity.

On a _________ periapical image, the nasal fossa appears as a large ______________ area located above the roots of the maxillary incisors.

A.mandibular; radiolucent

B.maxillary; radiolucent

C.maxillary; radiopaque

D.mandibular; radiopaque

B.maxillary; radiolucent

On a maxillary periapical image, the nasal fossa appears as a large radiolucent area located above the roots of the maxillary incisors

The median palatal suture is located between the two __________ of the maxilla.

A.palatine processes

B.maxillary sinuses

C.nasal cavities

D.inferior nasal conchae

A.palatine processes

The median palatal suture is located between the two palatine processes of the maxilla.

On a maxillary periapical image, the floor of the nasal cavity appears as a ________ band of bone ________ the maxillary incisors.

A.radiolucent; below

B.radiolucent; above

C.radiopaque; below

D.radiopaque; above

B.radiolucent; above

On a maxillary periapical image, the floor of the nasal cavity appears as a radiolucent band of bone above the maxillary incisors.

*On a maxillary periapical image, the inferior nasal conchae appear as a __________ mass within the nasal cavity.

A.diffuse radiopaque

B.diffuse radiolucent

C.well-demarcated radiolucent

D.well-demarcated radiopaque

A.diffuse radiopaque

On a maxillary periapical image, the inferior nasal conchae appear as a diffuse radiopaque mass within the nasal cavity.

Bony septa and nutrient canals may be seen within the walls of the

A.incisive foramen.

B.median palatal suture.

C.anterior nasal spine.

D.maxillary sinus.

D.maxillary sinus.

Bony septa and nutrient canals may be seen within the walls of the maxillary sinus.

The inverted Y is a __________ line above the maxillary _________.

A.radiolucent; first molar

B.radiopaque; canine

C.radiopaque; first molar

D.radiolucent; canine

B.radiopaque; canine

The inverted Y is a radiopaque line above the maxillary canine.

The hamulus extends from the

A.lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.

B.medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.

C.maxillary tuberosity.

D.styloid process.

B. medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.

The hamulus extends from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.

Your patient is looking at her dental images and is pointing to the bilateral vertical section of the mandible. What is she pointing to?

A.Alveolar process

B.Body

C.Coronoid process

D.Ramus

D.Ramus

The ramus is the vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar. The coronoid process is a marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible. The body of the mandible is the horizontal, U-shaped portion that extends from ramus to ramus. The alveolar process is the portion of the mandible that encases and supports the teeth.

On a periapical image, the genial tubercles appear as a ring-shaped __________ the apices of the mandibular incisors.

A.radiopacity below

B.radiopacity above

C.radiolucency above

D.radiolucency below

A.radiopacity below

On a periapical image, the genial tubercles appear as a ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular incisors.

Interdental nutrient canals are most often seen in the

A.posterior maxilla.

B.anterior mandible.

C.anterior maxilla.

D.posterior mandible.

B.anterior mandible.

Interdental nutrient canals are most often seen in the anterior mandible.

Your patient is pointing to the mental ridge on his dental image. He is pointing to the ____________________ portion of the mandible.

A.internal surface of the anterior

B.external surface of the anterior

C.internal surface of the posterior

D.external surface of the posterior

B.external surface of the anterior

The mental ridge is located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible.

The mental fossa is located ________ the mental ridge in the mandibular __________ region.

A.above; premolar

B.below; premolar

C.above; incisor

D.below; incisor

C.above; incisor

The mental fossa is located above the mental ridge in the mandibular incisor region.

The mental foramen is frequently misdiagnosed as a _____________ because of its apical location.

A.periapical granuloma

B.dentigerous cyst

C.radicular cyst

D.odontoma

A.periapical granuloma

The mental foramen is frequently misdiagnosed as a periapical granuloma because of its apical location.

On a dental image, the mylohyoid ridge is a ___________ band that may appear to be continuous with the ______________.

A.radiopaque; external oblique ridge

B.radiolucent; external oblique ridge

C.radiolucent; internal oblique ridge

D.radiopaque; internal oblique ridge

D.radiopaque; internal oblique ridge

On a dental image, the mylohyoid ridge is a radiopaque band that may appear to be continuous with the internal oblique ridge.

The mastoid process is a marked prominence of bone located ____________ to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

A.anterior and superior

B.anterior and inferior

C.posterior and inferior

D.posterior and superior

C.posterior and inferior

The mastoid process is a marked prominence of bone located posterior and inferior to the TMJ.

Which of the following structures is part of the sphenoid bone?

A.Lateral pterygoid plate

B.Styloid process

C.Articular eminence

D.Glenoid fossa

A.Lateral pterygoid plate

The lateral pterygoid plate is part of the sphenoid bone. The glenoid fossa is part of the temporal bone. The articular eminence is part of the temporal bone. The styloid process is part of the temporal bone.

The _____________ is a long, thin, pointed process below the external auditory meatus.

A.glenoid fossa

B.styloid process

C.lateral pterygoid plate

D.articular eminence

styloid process

The styloid process is a long, pointed, and sharp projection of bone that extends downward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone. The glenoid fossa is a concave, depressed area of the temporal bone located anterior to the mastoid process and the external auditory meatus. The articular eminence is a rounded projection of the temporal bone located anterior to the glenoid fossa. The lateral pterygoid plate is a thin, wing-shaped bony extension of the sphenoid bone located distal to the maxillary tuberosity region.

The _____________ articulates with the glenoid fossa.

A.coronoid process

B.mastoid process

C.styloid process

D.mandibular condyle

D.mandibular condyle

The mandibular condyle rests in the glenoid fossa. The styloid process extends down from the inferior surface of the temporal bone. The mastoid process is part of the temporal bone. The coronoid process extends from the anterior portion of the mandible.

The lateral pterygoid plate is a wing-shaped bony projection of the __________ bone.

A.occipital

B.sphenoid

C.frontal

D.temporal

B.sphenoid

The lateral pterygoid plate is a wing-shaped bony projection of the sphenoid bone.

On a panoramic image, which of the following structures appears as a radiolucency?

A.Medial pterygoid plate

B.Coronoid process

C.Lateral pterygoid plate

D.Pterygomaxillary fissure

D.Pterygomaxillary fissure

On a panoramic image, the pterygomaxillary fissure appears as a radiolucency. The lateral pterygoid plate is a wing-shaped bony projection of the sphenoid bone located distal to the maxillary tuberosity region. The lateral pterygoid plate appears as a radiopaque bony projection that lies distal to the maxillary tuberosity region. The medial pterygoid plate appears as a bony projection that lies medial to, and is obscured by, the lateral pterygoid plate. A fissure is a narrow space or cleft, so a greater number of photons would pass through this area of decreased density. The coronoid process is a marked prominence of bone found on the anterior superior ramus of the mandible. The coronoid process appears as a triangular radiopacity that lies posterior to the maxillary tuberosity region.

On a panoramic image, the infraorbital foramen may be superimposed over the ____________.

A.external auditory meatus

B.maxillary sinus

C.frontal sinus

D.mental foramen

B.maxillary sinus

On a panoramic image, the infraorbital foramen may be superimposed over the maxillary sinus. The infraorbital foramen is a hole or opening in bone found inferior to the border of the orbit. The mental foramen is a hole or opening in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars; thus the infraorbital foramen would not be superimposed over the mental foramen on a panoramic image. The frontal sinus is superior to the orbit; thus the infraorbital foramen would not be superimposed over the frontal sinus on a panoramic image. The external auditory meatus is a hole or opening in the temporal bone located superior and anterior to the mastoid process; thus the infraorbital foramen would not be superimposed over the external auditory meatus on a panoramic image.

On a panoramic image, the incisive foramen appears as an almond-shaped radiolucent area located

A.below the orbit

B.at the apex of the mandibular first premolar.

C.above the maxillary sinuses.

D.between the roots of the maxillary central incisors.

D.between the roots of the maxillary central incisors.

On a panoramic image, the incisive foramen appears as a small, ovoid or round area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors. The mental foramen is located near the apex of the mandibular first premolar. The infraorbital foramen is located inferior to the orbit. The orbit is located superior to the maxillary sinuses.

The nasal cavity is also known as the

A.zygoma.

B.nasal spine.

C.nasal septum.

D.nasal fossa.

D.nasal fossa.

The nasal cavity is also known as the nasal fossa.

(1) The zygomatic process appears Y-shaped on images. (2) The zygomatic process appears radiolucent on images.

A.The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

B.The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

C.Both statements are true.

D.Both statements are false.

D.Both statements are false.

On a panoramic image, the zygomatic process of the maxilla appears as a J- or U-shaped radiopacity.

Which of the following structures may be seen on both periapical and panoramic images?

A.Mental foramen

B.Mandibular foramen

C.Mandibular condyle

D.Coronoid notch

A.Mental foramen

The mental foramen may be seen on both periapical and panoramic images. The mandibular condyle is not seen on periapical images. The coronoid notch is not seen on periapical images. The mandibular foramen is not seen on periapical images.

The ______________ is a marked prominence of bone found on the anterior superior ramus of the mandible.

A.mandibular condyle

B.coronoid notch

C.coronoid process

D.lingula

D.coronoid process

The coronoid process is a marked prominence of bone found on the anterior superior ramus of the mandible. The mandibular condyle is a rounded projection of bone extending from the posterior superior border of the ramus of the mandible. The coronoid notch is a scooped-out concavity of bone located distal to the coronoid process of the mandible. The lingula is a small, tongue-shaped projection of bone seen adjacent to the mandibular foramen.

The ________ foramen is a tiny hole or opening in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible near the midline.

A.mandibular

B.incisive

C.mental

D.lingual

D.lingual

The lingual foramen is a tiny hole or opening in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible near the midline. The mental foramen is a hole or opening in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars. The incisive foramen (nasopalatine foramen) is a hole or opening in bone located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors. The mandibular foramen is a round or ovoid hole in bone on the lingual aspect of the ramus of the mandible.

On a panoramic image, the ear is viewed superimposed over the

A.anterior teeth.

B.incisive foramen.

C.mandibular canal.

D.styloid process.

D.styloid process.

On a panoramic image, the ear is viewed superimposed over the styloid process.

Border of the mandible

Label A

Label B

Label I

Label C

Label I

Orbit

Label D

Label E

Label A

Label J

Label D

Hard palate

Label A

Label C

Label G

Label E

Label G

Condyle

Label C

Label B

Label H

Label G

Label C

Mandibular canal

Label J

Label A

Label I

Label H

Label A

Zygomatic arch

Label E

Label H

Label J

Label C

Label H