Art History Midterm Monuments and Artworks

Vocabulary flashcards covering key art historical monuments, sculptures, and architectural works across Prehistoric, Ancient Near Eastern, Egyptian, Classical, Roman, Early Christian, Byzantine, and Mesoamerican cultures.

Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace)

An Early Imperial Roman monument in Rome, Italy, dating to 9 B.C.E.

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)

An Early Imperial Roman amphitheater located in Rome, dating to c. 70-80 C.E.

The Pantheon

A Middle Imperial Roman monument located in Rome, dating to c. 125.

Arch of Constantine

A triumphal arch in Rome dating to 312-315 C.E., constructed using marble, porphyry, and older spolia.

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica Nova)

A civic building in the Roman Forum dating to c. 306-312 C.E.

Colossal Statue of Constantine (Fragments)

Marble head and fragments from a colossal statue of Constantine dating to ca. 313-315, originally from the Basilica Nova.

Old Saint Peters Church

An Early Christian church built under Constantine (318-22), featuring a nave, narthex, side aisles, clerestory, apse, and colonnade.

Santa Costanza

An Early Christian structure located in Rome, dating to 354.

Hagia Sophia

A major architectural monument in Istanbul built between 532-37 by Isidore of Miletus & Anthemius of Tralles for Emperor Justinian.

Standing male worshiper

A Sumerian sculpture from Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar) made of alabaster and shell, dating to ca. 2900-2600 B.C.

Terra Cotta Army

A funerary installation in Xi'an, China from the Qin Dynasty (ca. 221-210 BCE), commissioned by patron Qin Shihuang and originally decorated with paint.

Tomb of the Marquise of Dai

A Han Dynasty funerary object made of silk and ink, dating to ca. 180 BCE.

King Menkaure (Mycerinus) and queen

An Egyptian Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4 grey sandstone sculpture dating to 2490-2472 B.C.E.

Statue fragments of Senwosret III

Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty Egyptian sculptural fragments dating to c. 1850 BCE.

Queen Nefertiti

A polychromed limestone bust from Dynasty XVIII (ca. 1350 B.C.) created by the sculptor Thutmose.

Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and the Royal Princesses

A Dynasty XVIII limestone sunk relief fragment from Tell el-Amarna, dating to ca. 1350 B.C.E.

Marble Statue of a Kouros (New York Kouros)

An Archaic Greek marble freestanding male sculpture dating to c. 590-580 B.C.E.

Kritios Boy

A marble statue from the Acropolis in Athens, dating to c. 480 B.C.E.

Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear-Bearer)

A Classical Period Roman marble copy after a Greek bronze original from c. 450-440 B.C.E.

Parthenon

A classical temple on the Acropolis in Athens built 447-432 B.C.E. by architects Iktinos and Kallikrates, with the sculptural program directed by Phidias.

The Great Altar of Zeus at Pergamon

A Hellenistic Greek marble monument dating to c. 200-150 B.C.E., featuring Gigantomachy reliefs depicting Zeus battling Giants and Athena fighting Gaia's sons as Gaia emerges from below.

Bonampak, Temple of the Murals (rooms 1 and 2)

Maya wall paintings dedicated on November 11, 791 A.D., likely commissioned at the behest of Chan Muwan, ruler of Bonampak.

Dying Gaul and Gaul killing himself and his wife (The Ludovisi Gaul)

Roman marble copies of 3rd Century B.C.E. Hellenistic bronzes (likely from the Acropolis of Pergamon) commemorating Pergamon's victory over the Gauls.

Barberini Faun

A Hellenistic Period marble sculpture dating to c. 220 B.C.E.

Head of a Roman Patrician from Otricoli

A life-size marble portrait head from Republican Rome, dating to c. 75-70 BCE.

Augustus of Primaporta

An Early Imperial Roman marble portrait statue dating to the 1st century C.E.

Lion-Human

A Paleolithic mammoth ivory sculpture from southern Germany, dating to c. 30,000-26,000 BCE.

Woman from Willendorf (so-called "Venus")

A Paleolithic limestone female figurine from Austria, dating to c. 24,000 BCE.

Chauvet Cave

A Paleolithic cave art site in France dating to c. 32,000 to 30,000 BCE, executed with paint on limestone and featuring the Lion Panel, Long-Eared Owl, and Red Dots.

Lascaux Cave

A Paleolithic site in France dating to c. 15,000 BCE, featuring the paint-on-limestone composition Bird-Headed Man with Bison.

Pech-Merle Cave

A Paleolithic painted limestone cave site in France dating to 25,000-15,000 BCE, known for Spotted Horses and Human Hands.

The Stele Code of Hammurabi

A Babylonian legal monument of engraved black basalt, dating to circa 1792-1750 BCE.

Oracle Bone

A carved and branded ox scapula dating to the 16th century BCE during China's Late Shang Dynasty.

Victory stele of the King Naram-Sin

An Akkadian pink limestone relief stele dating to c. 2220-2184 BCE.

Bronze head of Akkadian Ruler from Nineveh

An Akkadian bronze sculptural portrait from Nineveh, dating to c. 2340-2284 BCE.

The Palette of Narmer

An Ancient Egyptian 1st Dynasty ceremonial slate object dating to circa 3000 BCE.

Great Pyramids & Sphinx of Giza

Egyptian monuments constructed of limestone with gilt pyramidion; includes Khafre and Sphinx (Chefren, ca. 2575-2525 BC).

Statue of Khafre (Chephren) from Giza

An Egyptian 4th Dynasty, Old Kingdom diorite sculpture dating to c. 2690-2130 BCE.

Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

A Dynasty XVIII Egyptian architectural complex at Deir el-Bahri (near Thebes), dating to ca. 1478-1458 B.C.E.

Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut

A granite Dynasty XVIII sculpture from Deir el-Bahri (near Thebes), Egypt, dating to ca. 1478-1458 B.C.

Statue of the Seated Scribe

An Ancient Egyptian painted limestone sculpture with inlaid eyes and wooden nipples from Saqqara, dating to c. 2620-2500 BCE.

Votive cow, eye, and ear

A bronze or copper alloy votive offering from the Hatshepsut Hole at Deir el-Bahri, dating to ca. 1479-1458 B.C.