judaism wrld religions

Monotheism

belief in one god

Omniscience

all knowing

Omnipotence

all powerful

Omnibenevolence

all good

Omnipresence

all present/exists everywhere

Transcendence

existing above/beyond world/creation (beyond from creation)

Immanence

God exists + operates within world

Problem of evil

1) God is all powerful 2) God is all good 3) evil atheists, how to explain?

The story of Job

got everything taken away, (God + satan debate), gets it all back after imminent suffering + more

Shoah

holocaust, “whirlwind”

Why did they replace holocaust with shoah

bad look, holocaust translates to “burnt offering”

Remember the sabbath and

keep it holy, light 2 candles to honor these 2 commands

3 Main Branches

Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform

3 Main Branches: Orthodox

most traditional, separate dairy from meat when cooking, avoids contracts w/women because they might be menstruating (“dirty/unclean”), zionist (self determination of israelis), long haired men, strict (“all laws are divine and must be followed!”)

3 Main Branches: Conservative

mid, pro zionist, thinks that jews belong in specific place and must be together near jerusalem

3 Main Branches: Reform

least traditional/most liberal, “wherever you are” type, not zionist, everything is based on preference (ethical laws/food laws/ritual laws)

Israel (1)

piece of land (middle east), nation state

Israel (2)

people: covenant community to whom God is bound, who he gave the Torah to, who have responsibilities given from god

Torah is also called

the “penteteuch”

Torah (1)

first 5 books of bible/hebrew bible

Torah (2)

24 books of bible of Judaism

Torah (3)

bible + talmud (made by rabbis)

Judaism is

“ethical monotheism”

Covenant

contract/agreement

2 events that made the covenant

1) God promised Abraham’s descendents would be numerous + make great nation, 2) when Moses received the 10 commandments from God

2 events that made the covenant (1)

God promised Abraham’s descendents would be numerous + make great nation

2 events that made the covenant (2)

when Moses received the 10 commandments from God

Election

jews were chosen by god to receive torah + his laws and have a special relationship with him

Challah bread

braided bread (God = groom, we are bride : marriage = covenant)

Shema

most revered prayer in Judaism, “Hear O Israel, the lord our god, the lord is one”

Sabbath

1) God rested on the 7th day (Saturday) 2) the Exodus from Egypt + slavery liberation

Sabbath (reason 1)

God rested on the 7th day (Saturday)

Sabbath (reason 2)

the Exodus from Egypt + slavery liberation

Tallis

a prayer shawl

Tefillin/phylacteries

worn on arms, small black boxes w/ Torah texts

Kippah/Yarmulke

head covering/skull cap

In ancient hebrew

no vowel markers + punctuation

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (story)

God promised Abraham lots of things if he sacrificed his only son (Isaac), angel calls him and tells him to stop + they sacrifice lamb instead : Abraham lied to his son about where they were going?

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (2 problems)

1) why would God order Abraham to kill his son? 2) the way Abraham lies to his son

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (2 problems: prob 1)

why would God order Abraham to kill his son?

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (2 problems: prob 1 (SOLUTION)

why would God order Abraham to kill his son? SOL: divine test

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (2 problems: prob 2)

the way Abraham lies to his son

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (2 problems: prob 2 (SOLUTION)

the way Abraham lies to his son, SOL: either he knew or hebrew lack of punctuation made it look this way but it isn't really

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (Interpretation uses: 1)

meticulous examination of words

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (Interpretation uses: 2)

interpretive freedom that was sometimes widely inventive

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (Interpretation uses)

1) meticulous examination of words, 2) interpretive freedom that was sometimes widely inventive

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (modern interpretation): when is this?

17th century

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (modern interpretation): philosopher

spinoza

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (modern interpretation): practiced etiology

study of cause/origins, “reason for something”, used often in healthcare

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (modern interpretation): main point of text that they agree on

clear message that God does not demand the sacrifice of children to him, reinforcing prohibition

Text interpretation: Abraham and Isaac (modern interpretation): points used to argue for main point

1) the moabite king Mesha (2 kings) (offered his son to win battle) 2) God said no sacrificing to moloch or anyone but him, will be punished by death (leviticus) 3) dont burn your children as offering (deuteronomy) 4) don't burn children as offering to me or anyone else! (deuteronomy)

Abraham + Isaac story is seen as

it was not going to be a child sacrifice but a ram/lamb one + test from God

Sabbath is also

shabbat

Jewish heart of faith

covenant/partnership w/god to pursue justice and improve world (specifically less fortunate)

Tzedakah

obligatory charity “justice”, upon 3 things: service, worship, loving kindness

Rabbinic interpretation (talmud)

rabbis conversations into books, continues to change + develop

Heart of judaism

the torah

Halakah

religious law/customs (depends on denomination, ortho thinks all law = divine, con is in middle, reform sees it all as preference)

Modern answers to questions are given by

rabbis

How to become?

study and be part of jewish community for about a year (reform)

Focus is on

the sabbath, most important time = friday night to saturday evening

Pray at synagogue (better in groups) about

2 or 3 times per day

Temple and synagogue are

mostly interchangeable, conservatives dont like temple being used

Synagogues are

houses of worship

In judaism, god is considered

secondary, focus more on actions in life (no belief in afterlife/heaven)

Enlightenment period

mid/late 1800s Germany

Used to have 1 temple in jerusalem, destroyed

70 CE

The messianic age

“person will come”, time of peace + justice, we will resurrect

Judaism has

no hell: they believe it takes away from free will, a focus of theirs

Prophet micah

justice, mercy, walk humbly w/god

Nachshaun

stepped directly into water that parted, going into unknown = great things happen

Sees satan as a

persecuter