[ Neuromedicine ] Multiple sclerosis 2

MS – characteristic sensory symptom

Band-like tightness (MS hug).

MS – fatigue

Common, sometimes severe and disabling.

Uhthoff's phenomenon (MS heat sensitivity) – definition

Worsening of symptoms with exposure to higher than usual temperatures, such as a sauna or hot shower.

MS bladder dysfunction – uninhibited type

Increased urination (urge incontinence).

9-hole peg test (MS) – purpose

Detects subclinical fine motor impairment.

EDSS (expanded disability status scale) – increased score means

Disease worsening (progressive or after a relapse).

MS diagnosis – classic criteria

Schumacher criteria.

Optic neuritis (MS) – laterality

Most commonly unilateral (one eye).

Optic neuritis (MS) – symptoms

Painful eye, especially with movement, and blurry vision.

Optic neuritis (MS) – fundoscopy

Optic disc swelling or normal, followed by optic disc pallor.

RAPD (relative afferent pupillary defect) – other name

Marcus Gunn pupil.

RAPD – light on the affected eye

Mild constriction of both eyes (apparent dilation).

RAPD – light on the normal eye

More constriction of both eyes.

Partial transverse myelitis (MS) – definition

Incomplete inflammation of the spinal cord.

INO (MS brainstem syndrome) – normal eye finding

Nystagmus during abduction.

INO (MS brainstem syndrome) – convergence

Normal convergence.

Cerebellar syndrome (MS) – features

Ataxia, nystagmus, vertigo, intention tremor, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesia.

Schumacher criteria – dissemination in space

Lesions in 2 or more noncontiguous separate areas on imaging.

Schumacher criteria – dissemination in time

2 or more documented exacerbations.

Schumacher criteria – objective evidence of CNS involvement (examples)

Radiographic (MRI) and paraclinical (CSF analysis, evoked potentials).