Practical 2 John

Where does filtration take place?

glomerulus capsule

Where does reabsorption take place?

tubes of nephron into peritubular capillaries

What are some substances filtered into the nephron?

water, gluclose, amino acids, ions, creatine

What are some substances that should not be filtered?

red blood cells and proteins

Which substances are reabsorbed 100%?

gluclose and amino acids

Normally which substances should not be in the urine?

proteins, red blood cells, glucose, amino acids

Name the six hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

human growth, thyroid stimulating, andrenocartiotrophic, prolactin, follicle stimulating, and luteinizing

Name two hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland:

oxytocin and antidurietic hormone

Name two thyroid hormones that affect the metabolic rate:

T3 and T4

Name a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that acts to lower blood calcium:

calcitonin

Name a hormone that acts to raise blood calcium:

parathyroid gland

Name three target organs of parathyroid hormone:

bone, kidney, intestines

Name two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla:

epinepherine and norepinephrine

List the five different effects produced by these adrenal medullary hormones:

increases heart rate and force contraction, blood flow to heart, liver, muscle, blood gluclose levels and blood pressure.

dilate airways

Name the most important mineralocortocoid secreted by the adrenal cortex:

aldosterone

List three actions of this mineralocorticoid:

increase reabsorption of sodium, regulates BP and blood volume, and increase excretion of K+

Name the most important glucocorticoid secreted by adrenal cortex?

cortisol (middle zone)

List the actions of the glucocotcoid:

stimulates liver to make gluclose from amino acids and fatty acids

Distinguish between the hormones secreted by the alpha and beta cells of the pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans):

alpha cells-glucagon

Beta cells- inulin

Specifically explain how the actions of pancreatic hormones complement one another:

insulin decrease blood sugar and glucagon does the opposite blood sugar increases