Age of Exploration and Global Trade Practice Review

Comprehensive Question and Answer flashcards covering European exploration, trans-Atlantic slave trade, colonial Latin America, Imperial China, maps, charts, and key historical vocabulary.

What were the chief motives for European expansion?

God, glory, gold

Which country took the lead in European exploration?

portugal

Who was the first explorer to circumnavigate the world?

Ferdinand magellan

Which ruler granted encomienda to the Spanish settlers in the Americas?

Queen isabella of spain

Which nation controlled most of the eastern seaboard of North America by the end of the 1600s?

england

What set of principles dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century?

Mercantilism

In what year did the first enslaved Africans arrive in the Americas?

1518

What aspect of Latin America set it apart from Europe in terms of class and race?

Latin america based it on race and birthplace while Europe based it on wealth

Who worked on the immense estates or worked as farmers on marginal lands in Latin America?

Native Americans and enslaved africans

The voyages of Zheng He took place under which dynasty?

The ming dynasty

During whose reign did the efforts of Christian missionaries reach their height?

kangxi

According to Emperor Qianlong, China did not have a need for what product(s) from England?

Manufactured goods

Which two countries were involved with the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Spain and portugal

What is the second route of Triangular Trade called?

The middle passage

From where were the spices and other luxury items that the Europeans loved?

Asia

Vasco de Gama sailed around the tip of which country in 1497?

South africa

Which European countries built trading empires in Asia?

Portugal, spain, the netherlands, england, and france.

Which European explorer wanted to find an alternate trade route to Asia?

Christopher colombus

For which country did Christopher Columbus claim the islands in the Caribbean?

Spain

What was the most important item of African Trade to the Europeans?

Enslaved people

In which century did the Atlantic Slave Trade begin?

The 16th century

On which leg of the triangular trade voyage did merchants bring manufactured goods to Africa?

The first leg

What happened to up to half of the Africans on board a slave ship during the voyage?

They died due to the harsh conditions on board

Based on the European Expeditions map, where did Cartier sail from?

france

Where did Magellan sail to according to the European Expeditions map?

Around the southern tip of south america and across the pacific ocean

How many trips did Hudson make?

2

Based on the Africans Slaves in the Americas chart, what percentage of African slaves went to British North America?

4%

What percentage of slaves went to Portuguese Brazil according to the chart?

38%

What percentage of slaves did not go to the Americas?

2%

Why were the Portuguese the first successful European explorers?

The Portuguese were the first successful because of their advanced technology, their location, and government backing.

How could a parent country providing manufactured products in return for natural resources affect a colony's economy after independence?

The colony’s economy stayed dependent and underdeveloped because they lacked manufacturing.

Why would a nation want a favorable balance of trade?

To accumulate wealth and gold

What was the general attitude of the Chinese regarding trade with the Western world?

Ethnocentric and isolationist

What are Mainland States?

Countries located on the main continent, not on islands

What is a Bureaucracy?

A government ran by appointed officials divided into different departments.

What is a Plantation?

A huge farm that grows cash crops using forced labor

What is the Triangular Trade?

3 sided trade route between africa europe and the americas

What is the Middle Passage?

Ocean trip that brought enslaved africans to the americas

What is a Conquistador?

A spanish explorer who conquered in the americas

What is a Colony?

Land controlled by another country far away

What is Mercantilism?

The concept that gets a country rich by keeping gold and exporting goods.

What is the Balance of Trade?

The difference between how much a country sells and buys.