Exercise Physiology Exam 2 Vocabulary Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary, testing methods, exercise guidelines, training adaptation principles, and energy systems from the lecture.

Gold Standard VO2 Max Test

A criterion measure of cardiorespiratory fitness using a metabolic cart to analyze expired air for oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production during incremental exercise to fatigue.

Cycle Wind Gate Test

A 30-second maximal cycling test used to assess anaerobic capacity and power output by measuring peak power and power at the end of the test.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure used to screen for overweight and obesity status, calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared ($\text{kg/m}^2$); it does not assess body composition directly.

FITT-VP Principle

An exercise prescription framework defining Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Volume, and Progression, along with Pattern, to structure individualized training programs.

SAID Principle

Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands; the principle stating that to induce physiological adaptation, a new, unique, or higher stimulus load must be placed on the body over time.

Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

A subjective method of quantifying exercise intensity based on how hard effort feels to the individual, often measured using the Borg scale (6 to 20 or 1 to 10).

ACSM Aerobic Exercise Guidelines

Public health recommendations specifying 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise (5 or more days per week) or 20 to 60 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise (3 days per week).

Hypertrophy

An increase in muscle fiber size resulting primarily from resistance and strength training, contributing to enhanced muscular strength and power.

Neuromuscular Coordination

The central nervous system's ability to efficiently recruit, control, and coordinate motor units during movement, driving early strength gains prior to muscle growth.

Phosphagen System

An anaerobic energy system (also called ATP-CP or PCR system) that uses stored ATP and phosphocreatine for immediate, explosive activities lasting a few seconds.

Glycolysis

An anaerobic pathway that breaks down glucose or glycogen without oxygen to produce ATP, serving as the dominant energy source for high-intensity efforts up to about 1 minute.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The aerobic energy system located within the mitochondria that utilizes oxygen, carbohydrates, and fats to synthesize ATP for sustained, longer-duration activities.

Type I Muscle Fibers

Slow-twitch muscle fibers that possess high mitochondrial density and oxidative capacity, making them resistant to fatigue and suited for endurance activities.

Type II Muscle Fibers

Fast-twitch muscle fibers with high glycolytic capacity and store higher amounts of glycogen and phosphocreatine, suited for sprinting, power, and high-intensity resistance training.

Muscle Glycogen

The principal storage form of carbohydrate inside skeletal muscle cells, utilized for energy during high-intensity and endurance exercise.

Chemical Energy

Energy stored within chemical bonds, specifically ATP, used by cells to perform cellular work.

Mechanical Energy

The physical force and movement generated by muscular contraction during activities such as weight lifting or sprinting.