APUSH Period 5 Test & DBQ

Missouri Compromise

created by Henry Clay, stated that Missouri was a slave state and Maine was a free state, created a slave and free state balance in the United States (every state above the 30-36 line was free)

Manifest Destiny

Americans believed that they were destined by God and history to expand their borders and spread American Liberty

Reasons of Manifest Destiny

Americans believed they were destined by God to expand, racially motivated, Americans believed they were the superior race and that the natives & mexicans were unfit to be in the same community

Manifest Destiny in Texas - Texas belonged to Mexico (mexicans wanted Americans to move in to strengthen their taxes;southerners wanted to move in to expand slavery), Mexico abolished slavery so the southerners brought problems, after the Mexican American war Texas became a Lone Republic

Manifest Destiny in Maine & Oregon

Webster Ashburton Treaty - solved the dispute in Maine over land by confirming US and Canadian border

The Oregon Treaty - Both the US and Canada did not want to go to war over land so the settled at the 49 line creating the Canadian border

Battles of Manifest Destiny

Battle at Alamo - 1500 Mexicans vs 200 Texans, no texans survived

Battle of San Jacinto - Sam Houston and a small force capture present day Houston, drove out all the Mexicans, Houston became President and because America denied annexation do to a slave unbalance Texas became a Lone Republic

Impacts of Manifest Destiny

United States gained land and wealth, brought annexation of Texas, made US and Canadian borders, brought the Mexican & American war, made US and Mexico borders, brought land, money, resources, and strengthen the economy

Compromise of 1850

Created by Henry Clay compromise was after the CA gold rush and declared that 1. California would be declared a free state 2. The rest of the Mexican Cession Territory would be up to popular sovereignty 3. A new Fugitive Slave Law would be enforced

Fugitive Slave Act

a law passed by congress that provided southern slaveholders with legal power to capture slaves who had escaped to the free states (north) and made it a crime for people to be holding escaped slaves

Mexican American War Causes

Texas was admitted into the United States, Slidell Mission President Polk set agent Slidell to try to buy the claimed land territory from Mexico (offer was rejected), Slidell sent another group to be stationed right by the Rio Grande River, after an account on Mexican troops attacking the US declared war

Mexican American War Effect

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico agreed to cede California and New Mexico to the States, Polk wanted all of Mexico but anti slavery leaders hated that idea due to it would cause a huge unbalance so they settled The Gadsden Purchase, the US bought a small purchase of land from mexico for a lot of money to build the transcontinental railroad

Free Soilers vs Southerner Democrats

Free Soil Party (political party) formed on the idea of "Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men), stood for all new land added to US territory to be free

Birth of the Republican Party

the Whig party merged with the Free Soil Party to form the Republican Part

Popular Sovereignty

the people living in a certain area have the right to vote to be a slave or free state

Kansas-Nebraska Act Causes

Stephen Douglas wanted to build a railroad to promote westward expansion but needed southern approval, to obtain the approval he introduced the Kansas - Nebraska Act that divided the land into two parts (Kansas & Nebraska), he also allowed each state to decide whether to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty

Kansas-Nebraska Act Effects

broke the Missouri Compromise, the bill gave southern slave owners the opportunity to expand that was previously impossible due to the Missouri Compromise

Bleeding Kansas

Major effect of the Kansas - Nebraska Act, Douglas thought the problem would be solved peacefully because of the antislavery farmers who settled in Kansas, but as word came out of popular sovereignty in Kansas southern slave owners picked up and moved, fighting soon broke out between the anti and pro slavery groups, bloody attacks and movements

Dred Scott v Stanford

Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri who resided to Illinois (a free state), after returning to Missouri Scott filed a lawsuit for his freedom, claiming that his residence in a free territory made him a free man

Dred Scott v Stanford Effects

After losing in court, Scott brought a new suit to federal court, they stated no black person or descendant of a black person could not file a suit in the United States, drew a clear line of how the government stood on the issue of slavery

Charles Sumner

he was the leader of the antislavery forced in Massachusetts and a leader of the Radical Republicans, he worked to destroy the Confederacy, free all slaves, and keep good terms with Europe, gave a speech in House about Bleeding Kansas (was hit with a cane)

Election of 1860

election between Abraham Lincoln, John Breckinridge, John Bell and Stephen Douglas, the Republican Party nominated its first candidate Abraham Lincoln who was against the expansion of slavery

Election of 1860 Effects

was a turning point in American history between the struggle of antislavery and proslavery, increased tension as Abraham Lincoln was elected president and was against the expansion of slavery

Freedmen's Bureau

congress established an organization that provided food to millions of former slaves, aided them in food, land, jobs, fair treatment, and education

Freedmen's Bureau Effects

was the first step in the goal of equality, helped millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South after the Civil War

13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments

changes to the constitution after the Civil War & abolition of slavery

13th Amendment

made slavery illegal everywhere in the United States

14th amendment

gave citizenship to everyone who was born & naturalized

15th Amendment

ederal government allowed all males, no matter what race, to vote

Union Occupation

troops were stationed in the south to back up the new amendments, southerners didn't like slaves having the right to vote

Reasons for Abandonment

part of compromise of 1877, southerners didn't like new president so they got the government to make them a compromise that brought the troops out of the south so they would accept Hayes

Sharecropping

a type of farming where people (mostly freed black slaves in the south) would rent small plots of land from a landowner (mostly previous slave owners) for a portion of their crop.... the freed slaves were extremely poor so they had to not only rent their land for a portion of their crops but the tools and seeds from someone as well for a portion of their crops leaving them with almost nothing (it seemed to be a different kind of slavery)

Lincoln's Amnesty

Lincoln proposed a plan that he hoped would help with reconstruction and most importantly keep the Union, his plan stated whenever 10% of the number of voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union they could set up a state government, most Confederates (proslavery southerners) would be pardoned as well, his plan for reconstruction was based on Forgiveness... was not passed

Radical Republicans

wanted to punish the Confederacy leaders and help the protection & legal rights of black people, also wanted to distribute southerner's land to black people

Conservative Republicans

wanted the South to accept abolition of slavery but proposed few conditions for the southern states

Causes of the Civil War

Industry vs Farming, Expansion, Slavery