CNA Review: Patient Behaviors, Mental Health, and Restorative Care

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering CNA techniques for dementia management, psychiatric conditions, defense mechanisms, and restorative care concepts.

Sundowning

A state of increased confusion and agitation occurring later in the day, which can be managed by adjusting the resident's bedtime earlier to minimize time awake during the sundown phase.

Perseveration

A repetitive behavior where a resident continuously asks the same question; caregivers manage it by repeatedly providing the same answer using the exact same words.

Trigger

An environmental factor, person, or stimulus that prompts negative, agitated, or violent behaviors in a resident, which caregivers must identify and remove.

Rummage Drawer

A designated personal drawer provided to a resident with hoarding or rummaging behaviors, offering a safe space to collect, arrange, and manage items to remain calm.

Mentally Healthy

The state of possessing control of impulses, behaviors, and emotions, alongside the ability to adapt to change and interact well with others.

Defense Mechanisms

Psychological coping strategies that help an individual cope and deal with stressful or challenging situations.

Denial

A defense mechanism demonstrated when an individual visibly upset refuses to admit or acknowledge their true emotional distress.

Apathy

A key sign and symptom associated with major depressive disorder, characterized by a lack of emotion, interest, or concern.

Phobia

An irrational, intense, and persistent fear of a specific object, creature, or situation.

Rehabilitation

A restorative care process whose core objective is helping patients adapt to functional deficits and regain abilities as close to their previous baseline as possible.

Passive Range of Motion (PROM)

Exercises in which the caregiver fully assists the resident by supporting their joints, working sequentially from top to bottom (shoulder down), repeated at least $3\text{ times}$.

Active Range of Motion (AROM)

Range of motion exercises performed independently by the resident without physical assistance from a caregiver.

Abduction

A specific joint movement used in range of motion exercises involving moving a body part or limb away from the midline of the body.

Flexion

A specific joint movement used in range of motion exercises involving the bending of a limb or joint.

Contracture

A permanent shortening and tightening of muscles or joints that range of motion exercises and repositioning help prevent.

Repositioning

The nursing assistant practice of changing a resident's body position at least every $2\text{ hours}$ to protect skin health, provide comfort, and relieve pressure.