chapter 10 muscular system pt 2

diaphragm

prime mover in inhalation, contraction causes diaphragm to move inferiorly (flatten) and enlarge thoracic cavity causing air intake

external intercostal muscles

2nd breathing muscle , elevates external ribs , increases volume and decreases pressure

internal intercostal muscle

3rd breathing muscle, depress ribs

external oblique muscle

most superficial layer , fibers downward and anteriorly, rotates controlaterally (opposite way) of waist

internal oblique muscle

next deeper layer , fibers passing upward and anteriorly , rotates ipsolaterally (same way) of waist

transverse abdominal muscle

(transversus) core, deepest layer, horizontally

rectus abdominis muscle

most superficial, spinal flexion

greatest stability , deepest

transverse abdominal

erector spinae

deep to serratus posterior muscles , run vertically from cranium to sacrum

iliocostalis

most lateral column

longissimus

middle of all 3

spinalis

most medial column

quadratus lumborum

ipsilateral flexión of spine

mutlifudus

stabilizes vertebrae and maintain posture

square muscle in lumbar spine

quadratus lumborum

hernia

weak point in the muscular wall

inguinal hernia

only in men, inguinal canal (weak point in muscle wall)

hiatal hernia

stomach protrudes through diaphragm, obesity, overweight people

iliopsoas

flexes thigh at hip, prime mover of hip flexion, major cause of back problems, starts at spine, inserts at lesser trochanter

tensor fasciae latae

hip flexión ,combines tendons of gluteus max and tensor fascia latae to form iliotibial tract

gluteus maximus

prime mover of hip extension

gluteus medius

hip abduction, during walking ,gate

gracilis

most superficial of adductor muscles

quadriceps femoris

prime mover of knee extension

has 4 heads, rectus femoris that also does hip flexion

quadriceps femoris

sartorius

hip flexion, external rotation, figure 4 muscle in body

hamstring muscles

group of 3 muscles , knee flexion on hip extension

biceps femoris

long/short head, lateral hamstrings

semitendinous

medial, hotdog

semimembranosus

deep hamstring muscle , (bun)

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexes, inverts foot, shin splints

gastrocnemius

flexes knee, plantar flexes foot

soleus

deep, plantar flexes foot

triceps surae

3 muscles in leg region

fibularis longus

antagonist to tubularis anterior