food systems and security

90% of food supplied by

15 plant and 8 animal species

more food than everything else combined provided by

wheat, rice, corn, and potato

cricket efficiency

2 lbs of feed yields 1lb of meat and 1 gallon of water per lb meat

beef efficiency

25 lbs of feed yields 1 lb of meat and 2000 gallons of water per lb meat

beef has _ more GHG emissions than crickets

1000x

urbanization and agriculture

are linked; can't have cities without agriculture

_% of world’s water is used for irrigation

70

how to increase water efficiency

more efficient irrigation e.g. drip systems, higher pricing of water

livestock production causes _% of GHG emissions

18

food miles

distance traveled by food items from farm to consumer

cold chain logistics

chilling across the entire journey to protect cargo from pathogens

neolithic revolution

10k years ago, advent of plow, draft animals, irrigation, seed selection, and cuttings
allowed for sedentary societies

second agricultural revolution

concurrent with industrial rev, enclosed lands, crops from the New World, commercial food market, better transportation technology

green revolution

mid-20th century; mechanization, synthetic fertilizer, food manufacturing and processing, export of technology and high-yielding seeds to LIC

per capita food production is

leveling off

as population grows, can we sustain

food security

food security

physical and economic access to food meeting dietary needs and food preferences

3 pillars of food security

availability, access, and use

food availability

sufficient quantities consistently available

food access

sufficient resources to obtain appropriately nutritious food

food use

appropriate use based on basic nutrition knowledge and availability of suitable water and sanitation

globally, food security is linked to

tradelo

locally, food security is an

environmental justice issue

pressures on food

rising incomes, urbanization, biofuels, population growth, and urban sprawlla

land cultivation has slowed becaues

minerals get depleted, land used for other stuff, remaining areas are unsuitable/expensive to cultivate

double cropping

in more mild climates, can plant winter wheat and summer soybeans

dairy can be built on

roughage e.g. wheat straw and cornstalks to feed livestock

number of people earth can support depends on

consumption (2.5 billion USA, 5 billion Italy, 10 billion India)

18% of Earth's non-ice land used for

crops

25% of Earth's non-ice land used for

livestock

land for a meat-eater is same amount as

land for 20 vegetarians

1/3 of fish caught is used to

feed livestock