Posture, Joints, Muscles and ROM Week 4

What is the purpose of a plumb line when assessing posture?

To assess body alignment

In the anterior view, the plumb line passes equidistant between the:

Feet and ankles

Which landmark is included in the anterior-view plumb line described in your slides?

Sternum

Which landmarks should be checked for level alignment in the anterior view?

All of the above

In the posterior view, the body's reference line runs along the:

Spinous processes

In ideal posterior posture, the feet should be:

Parallel and facing forward

What is a joint?

A place where at least two bones meet

Which are the three structural categories of joints?

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

What does synarthrosis mean?

Immovable

What does amphiarthrosis mean?

Slightly movable

What does diarthrosis mean?

Freely movable

Which type of joint is found between the bones of the skull?

Suture

Which joint connects a tooth to its socket?

Gomphosis

Which is an example of a cartilaginous joint type?

Symphysis

Which type of joint is classified as a hinge joint?

Elbow

Which type of joint allows rotation at the radioulnar joint?

Pivot

Which joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints?

Hip and shoulder

Which joint type is associated with the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?

Saddle

Which structure is found in a diarthrodial joint?

Synovial membrane

What is the general relationship between mobility and stability?

Increased mobility can mean decreased stability

Which ligament is commonly injured during an inversion ankle sprain, according to the topic highlighted in your slides?

Anterior talofibular ligament

What does ACL stand for?

Anterior cruciate ligament

Which ligament is located on the medial side of the knee?

Medial collateral ligament

Which ligament is located on the lateral side of the knee?

Lateral collateral ligament

Which structures are included in the slides' knee-ligament material?

ACL, PCL, collateral ligaments, and menisci

Which structure is identified in the shoulder-ligament slide?

Coracoclavicular ligament

The anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments are associated with the:

Ankle

Skeletal muscles are directly or indirectly attached to the:

Bones of the skeleton

Which is a function of skeletal muscles listed in your slides?

Producing movement and maintaining posture

What is a prime mover or agonist?

The muscle directly responsible for a specific movement

What is an antagonist muscle?

A muscle whose action counteracts another muscle's action

What is a synergist muscle?

A muscle that helps the prime mover work efficiently or stabilizes the joint

Which muscle action is associated with the biceps in your slides?

Elbow flexion and forearm supination

The insertion of the biceps is listed as the:

Radial tuberosity

The slides list which structure as part of the biceps origin?

Supraglenoid tubercle

What does the prefix "bi-" in biceps refer to?

Two heads

In muscle nomenclature, "rectus" means:

Straight

The name "sternocleidomastoid" provides clues about the muscle's:

Locations/origins

According to the slides, one way to locate a muscle is to:

Perform its action, locate the muscle belly, and follow it toward its origin and insertion

What is range of motion (ROM)?

The fullest amount of movement that occurs at a joint

Which factor can influence ROM?

Soft-tissue structures that cross the joint

Which of the following is another factor that influences ROM according to the slides?

Shape of the joint surfaces

What does AROM stand for?

Active range of motion

What does PROM stand for?

Passive range of motion

During PROM, who moves the client's body part?

The caregiver or therapist

What does AAROM stand for?

Active assistive range of motion

Which is an important consideration when choosing a ROM exercise?

All of the above

Which situation is identified in the slides as a contraindication to ROM exercises?

An acute or unstable fracture when movement could disrupt healing

What should you do if a ROM exercise significantly increases the client's pain?

Stop and follow the appropriate instructions or protocol

According to the slides, which movement precaution is mentioned for a client with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Avoid neck hyperextension

Why is stabilization important during ROM exercises?

To avoid, limit, or prevent unwanted movement

What is the purpose of supporting a limb during ROM exercises?

To control the limb's weight and relieve stress on a joint

What is a goniometer used to measure?

Joint angles and ROM

Where should the axis or fulcrum of the goniometer be placed?

At the axis of the joint

Where should the stationary arm be placed?

Parallel to the body part proximal to the joint

Where should the movable arm be placed?

Parallel to the distal or moving body part

Which is one of the seven steps of goniometry listed in the slides?

Identifying bony landmarks

Why is client stabilization important when measuring ROM?

It helps prevent unwanted movement during measurement

Which information should be recorded when documenting ROM?

Side, joint, movement direction, assistance, position, degrees, and observations

Which is an example of information that should be included in ROM documentation?

Whether pain or other abnormal signs occurred

What does "end feel" describe?

The tissue resistance felt at the end of the available range when overpressure is applied

Why is it important to understand the expected end feel of a joint?

To help perform joint movements and exercises safely

Which is a clinical reason for assessing ROM?

To evaluate changes in response to treatment

ROM assessment can help clinicians develop:

Rehabilitation goals and a plan of care

Which is an appropriate guideline when performing ROM exercises?

Use proper hand placement and smooth movements

Before performing ROM exercises, which should be considered?

Doctor's orders, OT/PT instructions, and rehabilitation protocols