ch 3 kaplan

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the chapter on Correlation and Regression to help students review for their exam.

Correlation

A statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables are associated with each other.

Regression

A statistical method used to predict the score on one variable based on the knowledge of the score on another variable.

Scatter Diagram

A visual representation of the relationship between two variables, where each point represents an observation.

Positive Correlation

A relationship between two variables where, as one increases, the other also increases.

Negative Correlation

A relationship between two variables where, as one increases, the other decreases.

Correlation Coefficient

A numerical index ranging from -1 to 1 that summarizes the direction and strength of a relationship between two variables.

Point Biserial Correlation

A correlation coefficient used when one variable is dichotomous and the other is continuous.

Phi Coefficient

A measure of association for two binary variables.

Tetrachoric Correlation

A statistic used to estimate the relationship between two dichotomous variables that are assumed to have an underlying normal distribution.

Factor Analysis

A statistical method used to identify underlying relationships between variables by clustering them into groups.

Residual

The difference between the observed value and the predicted value in a regression analysis.

Coefficient of Determination (R²)

The proportion of the variance in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable.

Standard Error of Estimate

A measure of the accuracy of predictions made with a regression equation.

Causation

The relationship between cause and effect, which is often confused with correlation.

Third Variable Problem

A situation in correlational studies where a third variable might be impacting the observed relationship between two variables.