HA ch 2 3

What is therapeutic communication?

Communication that builds trust and supports patient care.

What is the purpose of therapeutic communication?

Understand the patient's needs.

What is clarification?

Asking questions to understand unclear information.

Why is clarification important?

Prevents misunderstandings.

What is restatement?

Repeating the patient's main idea.

Why is restatement helpful?

Shows understanding.

What are nontherapeutic responses?

Communication that interferes with patient care.

Why should nurses avoid giving personal advice?

Takes decision-making away from patients.

Why should nurses avoid interrupting patients?

Prevents patients from fully explaining.

What is medical jargon?

Complex medical language.

Why should nurses avoid medical jargon?

Can confuse patients.

What is false reassurance?

Promising everything will be fine.

Why is false reassurance harmful?

Dismisses patient concerns.

What is the biomedical health model?

Illness caused by biological problems.

What causes illness in the biomedical model?

Pathogens or genetic changes.

What does biomedical treatment focus on?

Diagnosing and treating physical disease.

What is the personalistic health model?

Illness linked to supernatural forces.

What may cause illness in the personalistic model?

Spirits or divine punishment.

What treatments may be used in the personalistic model?

Prayer and spiritual healing.

What is the naturalistic health model?

Illness caused by imbalance.

What does naturalistic treatment focus on?

Restoring balance.

What are examples of naturalistic treatments?

Diet, lifestyle changes, herbal remedies.

What is the LEARN model?

Framework for culturally sensitive communication.

What does L stand for in LEARN?

Listen.

What does E stand for in LEARN?

Explain.

What does A stand for in LEARN?

Acknowledge.

What does R stand for in LEARN?

Recommend.

What does N stand for in LEARN?

Negotiate.

What does Listen mean in LEARN?

Hear the patient's perspective.

What does Explain mean in LEARN?

Explain the nurse's clinical perspective.

What does Acknowledge mean in LEARN?

Recognize similarities and differences.

What does Recommend mean in LEARN?

Suggest a care plan.

What does Negotiate mean in LEARN?

Agree on a plan together.

What is Kleinman's explanatory model?

Questions about the patient's health beliefs.

What does Kleinman's model help identify?

Patient's understanding of illness.

What is an example of a Kleinman question?

What do you think caused your illness?

What are the four interview phases?

Preinteraction, beginning, working, closing.

What is the preinteraction phase?

Preparation before meeting the patient.

What should nurses review during preinteraction?

Medical records and available information.

What should nurses prepare before an interview?

Environment and equipment.

What is the beginning phase?

Introducing yourself and explaining the interview.

What should nurses do first when meeting a patient?

Introduce themselves and verify identity.

Why is patient identification important?

Ensures correct patient care.

What environment is best for an interview?

Private, quiet, comfortable.

What is the working phase?

Collecting patient health information.

What is an open-ended question?

Question allowing a detailed answer.

What is an example of an open-ended question?

Can you describe your pain?

Why are open-ended questions helpful?

Encourage detailed responses.

What is a closed-ended question?

Question requiring a specific answer.

What is an example of a closed-ended question?

Do you have chest pain?

Why are closed-ended questions helpful?

Collect specific facts.

Why should nurses avoid asking why questions?

May make patients defensive.

What is the closing phase?

Ending and summarizing the interview.

What should nurses summarize during closing?

Main findings and concerns.

How many main problems should nurses confirm during closing?

Two or three.

What should patients be allowed to do during closing?

Ask questions.

What concerns may require mandatory reporting?

Suspected abuse or neglect.

What is primary health data?

Information directly from the patient.

Who is the primary source of health history?

Patient.

What is secondary health data?

Information from other sources.

What are examples of secondary sources?

Family, medical records, healthcare workers.

What is a reliable historian?

Someone who provides accurate information.

What can affect history reliability?

Confusion, memory loss, substance use.

What are the three types of health histories?

Emergency, focused, comprehensive.

What is an emergency health history?

Rapid assessment of life-threatening problems.

What is the priority during emergency history?

Immediate safety.

What is a focused health history?

Assessment of one specific problem.

When is a focused history used?

For a specific complaint.

What is a comprehensive health history?

Complete review of overall health.

What does a comprehensive history include?

Past health, current symptoms, lifestyle, body systems.

What is a chief complaint?

Main reason for seeking care.

How should the chief complaint be documented?

Patient's own words.

What does HPI stand for?

History of present illness.

What is HPI?

Details about the current health problem.

What does OLDCARTS assess?

Details of pain or symptoms.

What does O stand for in OLDCARTS?

Onset.

What does L stand for in OLDCARTS?

Location.

What does D stand for in OLDCARTS?

Duration.

What does C stand for in OLDCARTS?

Characteristics.

What does A stand for in OLDCARTS?

Aggravating factors.

What does R stand for in OLDCARTS?

Relieving factors.

What does T stand for in OLDCARTS?

Timing.

What does S stand for in OLDCARTS?

Severity.

What does onset mean?

When symptoms started.

What does location mean?

Where symptoms occur.

What does duration mean?

How long symptoms last.

What do characteristics describe?

What symptoms feel like.

What are aggravating factors?

Things that worsen symptoms.

What are relieving factors?

Things that improve symptoms.

What does timing describe?

When symptoms happen.

What does severity describe?

How bad symptoms are.

What does PQRSTU assess?

Pain or symptom details.

What does P stand for in PQRSTU?

Provocative or palliative factors.

What does Q stand for in PQRSTU?

Quality.

What does R stand for in PQRSTU?

Region or radiation.

What does S stand for in PQRSTU?

Severity.

What does T stand for in PQRSTU?

Timing.

What does U stand for in PQRSTU?

Patient's understanding.

What is pain radiation?

Pain spreading to another area.

What does COLDSPA stand for?

Character, onset, location, duration, severity, pattern, associated factors.