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70 Terms
What are the three subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the charge of protons?
Positive.
What is the charge of neutrons?
Neutral.
What is the charge of electrons?
Negative.
How do you calculate the mass of an atom?
Protons + neutrons.
Where are protons located?
In the nucleus.
Where are neutrons located?
In the nucleus.
Where are electrons located?
Surrounding the nucleus.
What is the mass of a proton?
1 atomic mass unit (1 amu).
What is the mass of a neutron?
1 atomic mass unit (1 amu).
What is the overall charge of an element?
Neutral.
How do you find the number of protons in an atom?
The atomic number of an element.
How do you find the number of electrons in an atom?
The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass - protons = neutrons.
What are valence electrons?
Electrons farthest from the nucleus.
Why are valence electrons important?
They are responsible for bonding between atoms.
How do you know the number of electron shells an element has?
The period it is in is equal to the number of electron shells.
How do you know the number of valence electrons an element has?
The group/family an element is in.
Why is Helium in group 18?
Helium has a full valence shell.
How many electrons can the second shell hold?
8
How many electrons can the third shell hold?
8
Why do we draw Bohr models?
To visualize the subatomic particles.
Why do we draw Lewis dot diagrams?
To focus on the valence electrons.
Alkali metals group number?
Group 1.
Members of the alkali metals family?
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr.
Properties of alkali metals?
Highly reactive, soft, low density.
Alkaline earth metals group number?
Group 2.
Members of the alkaline earth metals family?
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra.
Properties of alkaline earth metals?
Good conductors, silver, reactivity increases down the group.
Halogens group number?
Group 17.
Members of the halogens family?
F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts.
Properties of halogens?
Density greater than air, poisonous, very reactive.
Noble gases group number?
Group 18.
Members of the noble gases family?
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Og.
Properties of noble gases?
Full valence shell, unreactive, used for neon signs and baloons
Base unit of length?
Meter
Base unit of mass?
Gram
Base unit of volume?
Liter or cm3
What is the density formula?
Density = mass/volume.
What happens to molecules in cold temperatures?
They slow down and move closer together.
What happens to molecules in hot temperatures?
They speed up and spread further apart.
Order the three states of matter from fastest to slowest moving molecules.
Gas, liquid, solid.
Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
Solid.
Which state of matter has a definite volume but not a definite shape?
Liquid.
Which state of matter does not have a definite volume or shape?
Gas.
Define physical properties.
Characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance.
Define chemical properties.
Characteristics that describe the ability to change into a different substance.
Define solubility.
The ability of a substance to dissolve.
Define evaporation.
Liquid to gas.
Define condensation.
Gas to liquid.
Define Luster
The shinniness of an object
Define Viscosity
How fast or slow a liquid flows
Define Malleability
The ability to pound a material into differnt shapes
Define Tatste
A substances flavor
Define Odor
a substances smell
Define texture
The roughness or smoothness of a substances
Define Conductivity
The ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat.
Define Density
The mass of a substance per unit volume.
Define Boiling Point
The temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas.
Define Melting or Frezzing point
The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid or vice versa.
Define Tarnish
The process by which a metal surface becomes discolored or corroded due to oxidation or reaction with sulfur compounds.
Define Rust
The process of oxidation that causes iron or its alloys to corrode, resulting in a reddish-brown flaky coating.
Define Magnetisim
The force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each other, typically involving magnetic fields around magnetic materials.
Define Thermal Conductivity
The measure of a material's ability to conduct heat, indicating how quickly heat energy can pass through it.
Define Maleability
The ability of a material, particularly metals, to be shaped or deformed under compressive stress without breaking, often by hammering or rolling.
Define pH
A scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution, ranging from 0 to 14.
Define Melting
The process by which a solid becomes a liquid due to the absorption of heat.
Define Freezing
The process in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.
Define Depositioin
The process by which a gas transforms directly into a solid without passing through the liquid phase, often occurring under specific temperature and pressure conditions.
Define Sublimation
The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase, typically occurring under low pressure and/or high temperature.