Bacterial Transformation

Genetic transformation

________: involves the insertion of some new DNA into E. coli cells, or a number of other organisms, predominantly bacteria.

Genes

________ can be cut out of human DNA or plant DNA, and placed inside bacteria.

large chromosome

In addition to one ________, bacteria often contain one or more small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids.

Genetic engineering

________: a process used to insert genes coding for new traits into a plasmid.

Bacteria

________ and yeast are very easy to grow in culture.

Restriction enzymes

________: proteins made by bacteria as a defense against foreign, invading DNA.

foreign DNA

The ________ is called a cloning vehicle or vector.

Cell culture

________: the process by which cells can be gathered from their natural locations and grown inside laboratory containers under controlled conditions.

DNA

When ________ is extracted form a given cell type, it can be cut into pieces and the pieces can be cloned in masses into a population of plasmids.

restriction enzyme

Each ________ recognizes a unique sequence of typically 4- 6 base pairs, and will cut any DNA whenever that sequence occurs.

Restriction enzymes

________ will cut DNA from any source, provided the recognition sequence is present.

restriction enzyme

When cut with a(n) ________, they can be joined to foreign DNAs- from any source- which has been cut with the same enzyme.

Cell culture

the process by which cells can be gathered from their natural locations and grown inside laboratory containers under controlled conditions

Genetic transformation

involves the insertion of some new DNA into E. coli cells, or a number of other organisms, predominantly bacteria

Genetic engineering

a process used to insert genes coding for new traits into a plasmid

Restriction enzymes

proteins made by bacteria as a defense against foreign, invading DNA

DNA ligase

an enzyme that glues pieces of DNA together, provided the ends are compatible

DNA library

a collection of DNA fragments that have been cloned into vectors

A fundamental assumption of recombinant DNA technology is that

permanent and desirable changes in the functioning of living cells can be accomplished by changing the linear sequence of their DNA.

The foreign DNA is called a

cloning vehicle or vector