PSYC-203 Chapters 6-10 Vocabulary Study Guide

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards based on Chapters 6 through 10 of PSYC-203, covering Depressive and Bipolar Disorders, Suicide, Somatic Symptom Disorders, Eating Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders.

depression

Persistently low mood or loss of pleasure that can interfere with daily functioning

mania

Abnormally elevated or irritable mood with increased energy and other symptoms

unipolar depression

Depressive illness without mania or hypomania

bipolar disorder

Mood disorder involving mania or hypomania, often with depression

major depressive disorder

One or more major depressive episodes without mania or hypomania

persistent depressive disorder

Long-lasting depressed mood, generally at least two years in adults

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Severe cyclical mood symptoms linked to the menstrual cycle

norepinephrine

Neurotransmitter involved in alertness, stress responses, and mood

serotonin

Neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep, appetite, and other functions

MAO inhibitors

Antidepressants that block monoamine oxidase enzymes

tricyclics

Older antidepressants that inhibit monoamine reuptake and affect multiple receptors

SSRIs

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

ECT

Electroconvulsive therapy, which induces a controlled seizure under anesthesia

brain stimulation

Procedures using electrical or magnetic methods to alter brain activity

symbolic loss

A current loss that emotionally represents an earlier important loss

behavioral activation

Increasing engagement in meaningful, rewarding activities

cognitive therapy

Treatment that recognizes and challenges unhelpful thought patterns

Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)

Therapy focused on grief, role changes, and relationship difficulties

manic episode

Sustained abnormally elevated or irritable mood and increased activity with marked impairment

bipolar I

Bipolar disorder characterized by at least one full manic episode

bipolar II

Bipolar disorder with hypomania and major depression, but no full mania

cyclothymic disorder

Chronic fluctuations of depressive and hypomanic symptoms below full-episode thresholds

mood stabilizing drug

Medication used to control and prevent bipolar mood episodes

parasuicide

Older, imprecise term for nonfatal self-harming or suicidal behavior

suicide

Intentional self-caused death

subintentional deaths

Deaths from self-destructive behavior without clear established intent to die

death seekers

People who clearly want to die

death initiators

People who act to hasten a death they believe is approaching

death darers

People who engage in potentially fatal acts with ambivalent intent

death ignorers

People who do not fully understand the finality or result of death

retrospective analysis

Reconstruction of circumstances and psychological state after a death

hopelessness

Belief that problems and the future cannot improve

dichotomous thinking

All-or-nothing interpretation of situations

egoistic suicide

Durkheim category tied to low social integration

altruistic suicide

Durkheim category tied to excessive social integration

anomic suicide

Durkheim category tied to loss of social regulation

interpersonal theory of suicide

Theory involving thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability

suicide prevention programs

Organized measures to recognize and reduce suicide risk

crisis intervention

Immediate help during an acute psychological emergency

factitious disorder

Intentional falsification or production of illness with deception and no clear external reward

Munchausen syndrome

Older term for severe or chronic factitious disorder imposed on self

Munchausen syndrome by proxy

Older term for factitious disorder imposed on another

conversion disorder

Functional neurological symptom disorder with incompatible motor or sensory symptoms

somatic symptom disorder

Distressing physical symptoms accompanied by excessive related thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

primary gain

Unconscious emotional relief associated with a symptom

secondary gain

External benefit resulting from illness, such as attention or relief from duties

illness anxiety disorder

Persistent fear of a serious illness with few or mild symptoms

psychophysiological disorder

Physical disorder or symptom influenced by psychological factors

Type A personality style

Competitive, impatient, time-urgent style

Type B personality style

More relaxed and less time-urgent style

psychoneuroimmunology

Study of links among psychological states, nervous system, and immune system

behavioral medicine

Use of behavioral science in medical prevention and treatment

relaxation training

Methods that reduce bodily tension and stress

biofeedback training

Learning to regulate body functions using measurement feedback

meditation

Practices that train attention and awareness

anorexia nervosa

Restriction leading to significantly low weight with fear of gain or body-image disturbance

restricting-type anorexia nervosa

Anorexia without recurrent binge eating or purging in the specified period

amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation possible in anorexia but not required for diagnosis

bulimia nervosa

Recurrent binge episodes and inappropriate compensatory behaviors

binge

Eating unusually large amounts with a sense of lost control

compensatory behavior

Actions used to try to offset eating, such as purging, fasting, or excessive exercise

binge-eating disorder

Recurrent distressing binge eating without regular compensatory behavior

enmeshed family pattern

Historically proposed pattern of overly involved family boundaries, not a universal cause

hypothalamus

Brain region involved in appetite, hormones, and homeostasis

weight-set point

Theory of biologically regulated tendency toward a body-weight range

substance intoxication

Temporary, reversible behavioral or psychological changes following use

substance use disorder

Problematic pattern of use causing clinically significant impairment or distress

tolerance

Needing more of a substance to obtain the same effect, or reduced effect at same dose

withdrawal

Symptoms after reducing or stopping a substance after physiological adaptation

delirium tremens (DTs)

Severe alcohol withdrawal involving confusion, autonomic instability, and possibly hallucinations

fetal alcohol syndrome

Pattern of developmental harm from prenatal alcohol exposure

sedative-hypnotic drugs

CNS depressants used to induce calmness or sleep

opioids

Drugs that act on opioid receptors, often relieving pain and causing sedation

endorphins

Naturally occurring chemicals that activate opioid receptors

stimulants

Drugs that increase CNS activity and alertness

cocaine

Stimulant that blocks monoamine reuptake

crack

Smokable form of cocaine

amphetamine

Stimulant that increases catecholamine signaling

hallucinogens

Substances that alter perception, sensory experience, or thinking

marijuana

Common term for cannabis

synergistic effect

Combined drug effect greater than expected from adding effects separately

contingency management

Treatment rewarding verified recovery-related behaviors

relapse-prevention training

Learning to recognize triggers and cope with high-risk situations

acceptance and commitment therapy

Therapy promoting acceptance of internal experiences and values-guided action

detoxification

Managed process of substance withdrawal and stabilization

antagonist drugs

Medicines that block receptors or effects of other drugs

methadone maintenance program

Long-term opioid agonist medication treatment for opioid use disorder

AA

Alcoholics Anonymous, a peer-support mutual-help fellowship

residential treatment program

Structured substance-use treatment with patients living at the facility

community prevention program

Community-wide efforts to reduce substance-related harms

gambling disorder

Behavioral addiction involving persistent problematic gambling

internet gaming disorder

Condition proposed for further study involving problematic gaming with impairment