Chapter 15 - Idk what its about

I hate world

Largest and richest tropical states during Islam’s second period of expansion

Mali and Dehli

Mali was ___ to Africa, while Dehli was ___ to India

indigenous, foreign

The Dehli Sultanate was founded and ruled by invading ___ and ___ Muslims

Turkish, Afghan

Ummayad Spain was cut off from the rest of the islamic world by

The Strait of Gibraltar

Independent ___ ___ in Morocco and Algeria also blocked Ummayad Spain from the rest of the Islamic world

city states

As a result of its isolation, Ummayad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture blending Roman, Germanic, and Jewish traditions with those of the Arabs and Berbers, true or false

True

What the Arabs call the land south of the desert, lit. “land of the blacks”

bilad al-sudan

Empire in West Africa which preceded Mali, whose fall was caused by Muslim Berbers

Ghana

First Kingdom in Sub-saharan Africa to adopt Islam )in the 1030s)

Takrur

The Mamluks of Cairo made repeated attacks on Christian ___ after the truce from 652 fell apart in the 13th century

Nubia

This Christian Kingdom in Africa withstood Muslim advances

Ethiopia

Takrur King that expanded it greatly after 1200

King Sumanguru

Leader of the Malinke who defeated Takrur

Sundiata

People who defeated Takrur

The Malinke

The Malinke founded this empire

Mali Empire

Sundiata’s Empire depended on a well-developed ___ base and control of the regional and trans-saharan ____ routes

agricultural, trade

Ghana controlled more territory than Mali true or false

false

Mali controlled the trade of ___ and __ thanks to its control of the Upper Niger and the fields of the Niger headwaters to the southwest

gold, copper

Mali emperor who pilgirmaged to Mecca in 1324-1325, famed for causing inflation in Cairo

Mansa Musa

__ centuries after its founding, Mali began to disintegrate

two

Man who inherited Mali from Mansa Musa (his brother) and hosted Ibn Battuta

Mansa Suleiman

The ___ retook their city of ___ from Mali in 1433

Tuareg, Timbuktu

City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. Founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali Empire, it became a major terminus of the trans-Saharna trade and a center of Islamic Learning.

Timbuktu

By 1500, Mali rulers controlled more than the Malinke heartland, true or false

false

After Mali’s collapse, some trade and intellectual life moved east to ___

Central Sudan

Shortly after 1450, the rulers of serveral __ city-states adopted Islam.

Hausa

Hausa city states were impportant as ___ and ___ centers.

manufacturing, trading

At this states peak, it gained control of routes crossing the central Shara, spreading the rule of Islam.

Kanem-Bornu

The lack of the defensive unity of thee ___ Empire let the Muslism easily conquer northwestern India

Gupta

Sutltan ___ based in___, Afghanistan launched raids on Northwestern India and was easily able conquer it.

Mahmud, Ghanza

Afghan and Turkic Dynasties ruled Dehli from _ to _.

1206, 1526

This Sultan conquered the conquest of Dehli Sultunate, making his realm the largest in India and being recongized by the Caliphate.

Sultan Iltutmish

A tax required in the Islamic world on Jews / Christians. Also applied to Hindus in Dehli Sultanate.

Jizya

Sultan of Dehli who passed over his idiot sons and had his actually capable daughter inherit the throne

Sultan Iltutmish

Daughter of Sultan Iltutmish who inherited the throne for him and dressed like a men, leading her troops atop an elephant. Tragically, she was imprisoned by the Turkish chiefs and, after escaping, killed by a robber

Raziya

Intellectual center of the Islamic world during the Abbasid Caliphate

Baghdad

Big knowledge place in Baghdad

House of Wisdom

This math field was developed at the House of Wisdom

Algebra

The House of Wisdom survived the Mongol invasion of Baghdad in 1258 true or false

False

Writers and poets that practiced a unique form of Islamic mysticism

Sufi

One of the most unique contributors to Sufism, a girl who was born and raised in a prominent Damascus family who learned the Quran by heart by the age of 8, composing more Arabic works than any women before the 20th century.

Aisha Al-Bauniyya

The abode (or world, but thats a bad translation) of islam

Dar al-Islam

Court language of the Dehli Sultanate

Persian

Important literary language written in Arabic character, a Persian-influenced version of the Hindustani tongue of Northern India.

Urdu

Muslims introduced ___ to their new lands

Paper

Southeast Asian center of Islamic learning

Malacca

This Timbuktu scholar had over 700 volumes, a big library considering how expensive books were at the time

Al-Hajj Ahmed

Shi’ite scholar who represents the begining of Mongol interest in the scientific traditions of the Muslim lands - Persian mathematician and cosmologist who’se academy near Tabriz provided the model for the movement of the planets that helped to inspire Copernicus

Nasir al-Din Tusi

mathematician and poet of the Seljuk period - Writer of the Rubaiyat

Omar Khayyam

Guy who noticed the Chinese used one ten-thousandth of a day as a unit, inspiring him to employ decmial notation. Also proposed value for pi was very accurate.

Ghiyas al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi

Muslim domination of long-distance trade did not assist the adoption of Islam True or False

False

In 1196, the Great Buddhist center of study at ___ in ___ was destroyed by __ invasions.

Nalanda, Bihar, Muslim

____ displaced ___ as the elite religion in Maritime Southeast Asia

Islam, Hinduism

Military campaigns in India reduced thousands of Hindu “infidels” to ___

slavery

In 1298, the Sultanate of Dehli captured the wealthy trading state of ___

Gujarat

Hindu elite of India

Brahmin

Groups of loyal clans called ___ moved into the Ganges in the east from the 13th century on.

Rajput

In 1518 a major Rajput kingdom under ____ achieved victory over the Dehli Sultanate.

Rana Sanga

Dehli ruler who taxed the Brahmin elite.

Firuz Shah

Muslim elite kingdom which challenged the Dehli Sultanate.

Bahmani Kingdom

Plateau on which the Bahmani Kingdom was

Deccan Plateau

The Hindu states of south India united to form the ___ Empire, which at its heightt controlled rich trading ports on both coasts of India and held Ceylon (Sri Lanka) as a tributary state.

Vijayanagar

By 1351, all of South India had cast off Dehli’s rule, leading to rebellions in the north true or false

True

In 1398 ____ captured the city of Dehli. The next year,they withdrew with vast quantities of loot and tens of thousands of captives, causing Dehli to lay in ruin.

Tamerlane

New center of Islamic power in South Asia - Sanskrit for Great Conquest- which dominated the new southerly route across the Inidan Ocean by 683 CE.

Srivijaya

Most famous temple complex of the Srivijaya

Borobodur

Capital of the Srivijaya

Palembang

Civilization that proceded the Aztecs in Central Mexico

Toletc

Ethnic group who founded the Aztec Empire

Mexica

An ethnic state in ancient Mesoamerica, the common political building block of that region.

Altepetl

A group of up to a hundred families that served as a social building block of an altepetl in ancient Mesoamerica.

Calpolli

Capital of the Aztec Empire

Tenochtitlan

the Toltec classical era’s largest city

Teotihuacan

Capital of the postclassical Toletcecs

Tula

Lake on which the Aztec Capital sat

Lake Texcoco

The Mexica immediately founded an empire and never served their more powerful neighbors as serfs and mercenaries, True or False

False

Around 1325 CE, the Mexica started construction of the twin capitals of ___ and ___.

Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco

A council of powerful aristocrats selected new rulers from among male memebrs of the ruling lineage in the Aztec empire true or false.

True

The population of the metro region of the Aztec Capital was approximately ____ by 1500 CE.

500,000

Scholars called the Aztec system of gender relations (where males were more prominent due to warfare, but women were still held in high esteem) this phrase.

gender complementarity

Aztec ruler at the time of the Spainaird conquest

Moctezuma II

Ritual wars waged by the Aztecs (Aztec Triple Alliance) and its enemies on and off around the Tenochtitlan vicinity - participants fought according to a set of conventions

Flower Wars

By 1500 CE Aztec society (wealth distribution wise) was totally equal and there was no inequality True or False

False

This empire called its land the “Land of the Four Corners”

Inca

Largest and most powerful Andean Empire, controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco

Inca

Capital of the Inca

Cuzco

Civilization that precede the Inca, influential Andean that collapsed by 100) CE

Wari

Andean weavers produced beautiful textiles from cotton and from the wool of ___ and ___

llamas, alpacas

Andean people distributed specialized goods through markets and tribute relationships, Mesoamerican people used state power to broaden and expand the vertical exchange ssystem that had permitted self-governing extended family groups called ayllus to exploit a range of ecological niches. OPTIONS: TRUE or OPPOSITE IS TRUE

OPPOSITE IS TRUE

A system of forced service to the ruler in the Inca Empire

mit’a labor

Self-governing extended family groups in the Incan Empire

ayllus

Each ayllu contributed ____ of its adult male population to meet the mit’a’s system labor requirements.

one seventh

Inca laborers constructed ___ miles of road.

13,000

The hereditary chiefs of Ayllu did not include women true or false

false

As the Inca expanded, they generally left local rulers in place true or false

true

The Incan leaders required defeated people to send representations of important ___ ___ to be included in the Imperial Pantheon

Local gods

Inti was the god of this celestial object and the god the Inca royal family claimed descent from

The Sun

The knotted cords used to keep records by Incan administrators

Quipus

Incan weaving and metallurgy was more advanced than Mesoamerica true or false.

True

In 1525 this Incan ruler died, setting of a civil war in the Incan Empire

Huayna Capac