History set 2

What was the 30 Years War

A war that was from 1618-1648 was fought in central Europe because many Protestants rebelled against the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II. In the end, the Holy Roman Empire broke into smaller pieces with their own national identities based on Map of Holy Roman Empire in 1650 religion 

When was the 95 thesis written

1517

95 Theses

Practices of the Catholic Church that Luther thought should be debated publicly

Who was Mary I

Henry VII daughter

Auto da Fe

Meaning “act of faith. Sentencing of confessed heretics was done in a public

event called the Auto

da

Blood Libel

• Several Jews and conversos were accused of kidnapping a seven

Charles V

Holy Roman Emporer

Conversos

People who had converted from Judaism to Christianity due to fear of expulsion or persecution

Counter Reformation

Edict of Expulsion

also known as the Alhambra Decree, was issued on March 31st, 1492, by Ferdinand and Isabella. The edict ordered the removal of practicing Jews from the Spanish empire by July 31, 1492.

Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I (1533

Enlightenment

Ferdinand and Isabella

Married in 1469, …… were married and thus unified Spain. In 1478 they a banned any religion other than Roman Catholicism

Galileo Galilei

He was a philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who improved the telescope, supported Copernicus’ heliocentric theory (the Earth orbits the sun), challenged traditional Church views. This led to him being charged with heresy by the Inquisition

Henry VIII

Heresy

The crime of … was defined as a deliberate denial of an article of truth of the Catholic faith

Humanism

Before the Renaissance. In the Middle Ages, studying Christianity was the main form of learning. The Rise of …In the mid 1300s, scholars developed —-. —- focused on life on Earth, not just the afterlife. They believed people could shape the world around them. 

Indulgences

Inquisition

A judicial system in which people were accused of heresy and faced harsh consequences. Once the … came to town, people had 30 days to confess voluntarily and receive light sentences like a small fine. However, a confessor had to agree to spy on his friends and relatives, and if he did not produce evidence, he would be under suspicion as a heretic and could receive the death penalty  

Isabella

Italian Renaissance

Focus on Humanism. Inspired by ancient Greece and Rome. Artists used linear perspective. Focus on balance, proportion, and ideal beauty. Patrons like Medici family.

Johannes Gutenberg

Invented the printing press

Leonardo Da Vinci

The ultimate “Renaissance Man,” … was an artist, astronomer, biologist, botanist, architect, engineer, inventor, and mathematician.  Only 17 of his paintings remain. His most famous paintings include The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.

Machiavelli

the father of political science. His most famous work is The Prince, a book about politics and how to gain and keep power. The Prince set the standard for the modern concept of a government and how to enforce it.  In the book, Machiavelli wrote about the main qualities a prince, or leader, should possess. He also discussed the principles a leader should follow in order to retain power.  One of the key ideas in his book was “the end justifies the means.”

Martin Luther

Mary I

Medici

Michelangelo

One of the most influential artists of the Renaissance. Many of his works were done under the patronage of the Medici family and of the Catholic Church. the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican. The Pietà (at the Vatican) and the David (in Florence).

Northern Renaissance

Patron

A … is a person, family, or group that gives money or other support to artists and intellectuals.  The Medici family of Florence was one of the most famous patrons in Italy. They controlled the largest bank in Europe and supported such well

Petrarch

He was the “father of Humanism,” and was a poet and scholar whose philosophy set the stage for the Renaissance. Petrarch rediscovered and helped translate an impressive collection of ancient texts (Homer, Cicero, Virgil, and Horace). Petrarch believed that humanity could once more reach the heights of past accomplishments.

Reformation

Renaissance

Sir Thomas More

Tomas de Torquemada

This person was the first Inquisitor General of Spain. He pushed for the expulsion of Jews and is synonymous with torture and cruel methods associated with the Spanish Inquisition