AP Human Geo Chapter 2 ID Terms

Fun fact: Jeffery Mallon believes that all humans are inherently evil

Arithmetic Population Density

The total number of people per unit area of land, usually expressed as people per square kilometer or square mile, used to understand population distribution.

Physiological Population Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land, which helps to assess the capacity of land to support a population.

Population Distribution

The pattern of where people live across a specific area. It shows how population is spread out and can be influenced by factors like geography, economy, and culture.

Megalopolis

An extensive urban area that encompasses multiple large cities and their surrounding suburbs, often characterized by high population density and economic interdependence.

Malthusian Theory

The idea that population growth will outpace food production, leading to widespread famine and suffering if not checked by natural or societal means.

Neo-Malthusian Theory

A modern adaptation arguing that rapid population growth threatens non-renewable energy, clean water, and global environmental health.

Doubling Time

The estimated number of years required for a population to double in size given its current constant growth rate.

Natural Increase

The percentage rate by which a population grows or declines in a year, excluding net migration.

Crude Birth Rate

The total number of live births in a year per 1,000 people in a population.

Crude Death Rate

The total number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people in a population.

Demographic Transition Model

A model depicting how a country's population growth transitions through five distinct stages as it economically develops.

Stationary Population Level

The state in which a national population ceases to grow and stabilizes when birth rates equal death rates.

Population Composition

The demographic makeup of a population broken down by age, six in latin (knowt banned the actual word), ethnicity, and other socio-economic attributes.

Population Pyramid

A bar graph displaying the population distribution of a region by age brackets and biological six in latin (knowt banned the actual word)

Infant Mortality Rate

The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births.

Newborn Death Rate

The annual number of infant deaths during the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births.

Child Mortality Rate

The annual number of deaths of children between ages 1 and 5 per 1,000 live births.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a newborn baby is expected to live based on prevailing mortality conditions.

Infectious Diseases

Contagious illnesses caused by biological pathogens that spread directly or indirectly between people or through contaminated media.

Chronic or Degenerative Diseases

Non-communicable, long-term health conditions that progress slowly over time.

Genetic or Inherited Diseases

Health disorders caused by gene mutations passed directly from parents to biological offspring.

Endemic

A disease permanently present at a predictable baseline level within a specific geographic region.

Epidemic

A sudden local or regional outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly and affects more people than expected.

Pandemic

An epidemic outbreak that spreads across global scales, affecting multiple continents or worldwide populations.

Vectored Diseases

Illnesses transmitted to humans through an intermediate animal vector.

Non-Vectored Diseases

Illnesses transmitted directly from human to human without an intermediate host.

Expansive Population Policies

Government measures designed to encourage higher birth rates and stimulate population growth.

Eugenic Population Policies

Government policies aimed at favoring the reproduction of specific demographic groups while discouraging others.

Restrictive Population Policies

Government measures intended to reduce fertility rates and slow rapid population growth.

Rapid Growth

In population pyramid: wide base, concave sides indicating high fertility rates, shorter life spans, typical of developing countries

Slow/Stable Growth

In population pyramid: beehive or rectangular shape, low birth and death rates and high median age, mostly in North America, Europe and Australia.

Declining Growth

In population pyramid: tapered base showing rapid decrease in fertility. Top may be growing as people have longer life spans and so larger elderly population. Typical in Japan and parts of Europe.