Ocular conditions Clin Med AND Pt Assess

Flaking and crusting at eyelid margins

Blepharitis

Acute tender nodule on eyelid

Hordeolum

Chronic, nontender nodule on eyelid

Chalazion

Lipid plaques at eyelid margin

Xanthelasma

Erythema and edema surrounding eye with no EOM pain

Preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis

Erythema and edema surrounding eye with EOM pain

Orbital cellulitis

Diplopia following trauma

Orbital blowout fracture

swelling of the medial canthus (lacrimal sac)

Dacryocystitis

Swelling of the temporal eyelid (lacrimal gland)

Dacryoadenitis

Dry eye

Keratoconjunctivitis

Purulent discharge from eye

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Serous, gritty discharge from eye

Viral conjunctivitis

Itchy eye with ropelike discharge

Allergic conjunctivitis

Blood on sclera

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Thin overgrowth of conjunctiva on sclera

Pinguecula

Extra triangular conjunctiva extending towards the cornea

Pterygium

Pink elevation of the sclera

Episcleritis

Red-blue elevation of the sclera, accompanied by a deep boring pain

Scleritis

Dendritic lesion

Herpes keratitis

Opaque plaque over cornea, and ciliary flush

Corneal ulcer

Grey ring around iris

Arcus senilis

Positive seidel’s sign

Globe rupture

Blood in pupil

Hyphema

White blood cells in pupil

Hypopyon

Ciliary flush, direct and consensual photophobia, and cells/flare on fundoscopy

Acute anterior Uveitis/Iritis

Sudden IOP elevation, fixed dilation, seeing halos, nauseous

Acute closed-angle glaucoma

progressive clouding of lens

Cataracts

Impaired constriction or dilation

Anisocoria

Unilateral myosis, ptosis, anhidrosis

(small pupil, lid droop, no sweat)

Horner syndrome

Dilated/non-reactive pupil that points down and out

CN III palsy

Pupils dilate when light moves from unaffected to affected eye

Relative afferent pupillary defect

Monocular vision loss, EOM pain, Relative afferent pupillary defect

Optic neuritis (most likely MS)

Bilateral optic disk swelling

Papilledema (from high Intracranial Pressure)

Asymmetric Hirschberg corneal reflex

Strabismus (misaligned eyes)

Esotropia

Exotropia

Hypertropia

one eye points:

In

Out

Up

What does the Hirschberg (corneal light reflex) test for?

whether eyes point the same way, by looking where the reflection is on each pupil. (can detect strabismus)

Painless peripheral vision loss, accompanied by a large optic cup

Chronic open angle glaucoma

Sudden painless monocular vision loss, cherry fovea and boxcarring

Central retinal artery occlusion

Sudden painless monocular vision loss, blood and thunder, optic disk edema

Central retinal vein occlusion

Flashes, floaters, curtain, schaefer’s sign (dust on retina)

Retinal detatchment

Painless central vision loss, yellow (drusen) spots on retina

Age Macular degeneration

Cotton wool spots, flame hemorrhages

Hypertensive retinopathy

Microaneurysms, dot/splinter hemorrhages

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Microaneurysms, dot/splinter hemorrhages + new vessels

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy