Modern Europe Pt 3

Pt 3

What were some of the ways in which the Enlightenment contributed to the increasing skepticism toward, and questioning of, established authority in the eighteenth century?

Voltaire- critical of human institutions like the catholic church

Perception and Knowledge

John Locke- Known for his politics during Enlightenment, bridge of scientific revolution to enlightenment

Philosophes- People who have a love of knowledge

Encyclopedie- Papers from many Philosophes like Voltaire

Salon- Home of a wealthy woman interested in science

Public Sphere- Space for people to exchange ideas and to receive ideas

Skepticism/Rationalism- Against organized religion

What were the economic and financial causes of the revolution in France in 1789?

Three issues:

Finances-Debt

*Taille- tax

*Parliaments- Taxation and Tax Collectors

*Gabelle- Salt Tax/Consumption Tax

*Tithe- Support the churches, goes to the upper parts of the clergy

*Venality of Office- Pay to be in a office

*American Revolution- France joins the American Cause

Public Opinion/Public Spheres

Economic Crisis

Constituent Assembly- wants to make a constitutional monarchy

Institutional vs. Popular Revolution

What were some of the long-term effects of the Reformation with regard to relations between church and state, the role of lay people in the churches, and attitudes toward religion generally?

4 impacts of the Reformation:

*Individual path to salvation

*Vernacular Languages- Latin was the prominent language, turned into English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish

*Role of women

*Skepticism- people start to think for themselves

Hersey/Heretic:

*Questioning/challenging the catholic church

Many branches of religion:

*Catholics- Spain and France

*Protestants- England, Netherlands, and some Germans

*Anabaptists- Bring kingdom of God to Earth

Martin Luther and John Calvin

Lay people- baptized but not a part of the clergy

Angelicin Reformation:

*Henry 8th leaves the church

*Marries Anne Boleyn and divorces Cathrine of Aragon

Describe the impact of the development of the Atlantic Economy on Europe and the Americas in the centuries after 1500

Plantation Commodities:

*Coffee

*Tea

*Sugar

*Tobacco

*Coco

*Cotton

Trading over seas

Diseases:

*Measles

*Small Pox

Forced Labor of Natives in South America

Columbian Exchange:

*Cultural Exchange

*Biological Exchange

*Plants and Animals