psych ATI

Clang associations

Words that rhyme

Neologisms

Made up words

Word salad

String of words that don’t make sense

Echolalia

Consistent repeating of another's words by imitation

Magical thinking

Belief that thoughts control specific people & situations

Associative looseness

Disordered speech reflecting illogical thoughts

Manic phase of bipolar disorder

Hyperactivity, short attention span, seductive behaviors

Relapse of mania

Pressured speech and weight loss

Acute manic episodes

High-calorie/high protein finger foods, decreased stimulation

Anxiety phases

Mild, Moderate, Panic, manic

Manic speech

Rapid, frenetic, incoherent, false sense of urgency

PTSD

Insomnia, repressed emotions, indecisiveness

Rape-Trauma syndrome

Intense guilt, mood swings, dependence

Restraints

Document behavior every 15 min, one-on-one observation, ensure 2 finger space

Schizophrenia manifestations

Positive & negative manifestations

Positive: content of thought, form of thought, perception, sense of self. Cognitive symptom: Impaired judgment, memory, and problem solving

Negative: affect the client ability to cope and adjust to social situations

Distraction techniques

Whistling or singing for schizophrenics

Types of schizophrenia delusions

Erotomanic, Persecutory, Nihilistic, Control

Schizophrenia (Involuntary commitment)

Court-ordered admission for mental health services

2 doctors must agree to support commitment application

client has the right to treatment decisions

60 days of admission

Types of delusions

Somatic, Reference, Persecutory, Grandiose

Schizophrenia Medication

Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol,

Oppositional defiant disorder Manifestations

Ignores rules, anger, enjoys rewards, no regards for penalties

Conversion disorder manifestations

Motor or sensory deficits, paralysis, blindness, numbness, paresthesia, loss of hearing, movement disorder

Borderline personality disorder

Self-mutilation, impulsive behaviors, suicide

Antisocial personality disorder

Lack of remorse, empathy, manipulation like flattery, grandiose delusion

Lithium Carbonate

6-8 glasses of water, adequate sodium intake, avoid ibuprofen, weight gain. reduces aggression

Lithium toxicity 2-2.5 symptoms

Blurry vision, ataxia, clonic twitching, polyuria, severe hypotension

Valproic acid

Monitor liver functions, avoid aspirin, gradual dose increase, baseline test every 2 months for first 6 months

Antidepressant medication

Full effect in 2-3 weeks, avoid alcohol, older adults require lower dose, take @ bedtime, dizziness is expected

Social anxiety medication

Paroxetine, Venlafaxine, Benzodiazepine (alprazolam), Buspirone

OCD Medication

Fluoxetine, gradual discontinuation, weight gain

Antipsychotic first-generation medication adverse effects

Akathisia, Akinesia, Dystonia

Stages of grief

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Types of grief

Disenfranchised, Chronic, Uncomplicated, Delayed, Complicated, maladaptive

Types of loss

Actual, Perceived, Situational, Adventitious, Maturational

Defense mechanisms

Regression, Compensation, Repression, Suppression, Projection, splitting, rationalization, displacement

Boundaries therapeutic relationships

Countertransference (nurse to patient), Transference (patient to nurse)

Dissociative disorders

Derealization, Dissociative amnesia, Dissociative fugue, Dissociative identity disorder

Cognitive impairments

Confabulation, Preserveration, Apraxia, Agnosia

Involuntary admissions

Danger to self or others, right to refuse medications, 60-day stay

Anorexia Nervosa

Monitoring 1 hrs following meals, weigh every day before oral intake, tube feeding if refusal of oral intake,

Types of therapy

Systematic desensitization, Modeling, Flooding

Behavioral techniques

Mindfulness, Progressive relaxation, Cognitive reframing, dialectical behvarior treatment, co-dependents support group, dual

Dialectical behavior treatment group

Suicidal behavior

Co-dependents support group

Family or others who are substance abusers.

Enabling

Excusing lack of responsibility for behavior in substance abusers

Dual diagnosis treatment group

For individuals with serious mental illness and substance use disorder

Heroin intoxication manifestations

Respiratory depression, impaired coordination, pain reduction, drowsiness & sedation

Heroin withdrawal

Muscle aches 6-8 hours, insomnia, pupillary dilation, diarrhea

Assessment tools

AIMS, CAGE, Hamilton anxiety rating scale, SAFE-T

ECT

Reorientation, administration of atropine prior, NPO 6-8 hours prior, awaken 15 minutes post-op, ect done 2-3 times week 6-12 treatments total, may cause retrograde amnesia

TMS

Transcranial magnetic stimulation causing seizures

Conduct disorder

Aggressive behavior, violation of others rights, lack of respect for authority, anger issues, disregard for rules

Alcohol withdrawal manifestations (INSISTED)

Headache, tremors, seizures, delirium tremens, hypertension, increased HR, elevated temp, sweating, depression, irritability, slurred speech, insomnia, nausea and vomiting

Alcohol medication

Disulfiram, diazepam, lorazepam, carbamazepine, acamprosate, chlordiazepoxide

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Confusion, stupor, diplopia, memory loss, somnolence

Cannabis effects

Resemble alcohol effects

Methamphetamine acute manifestations

Increased HR and BP, mental alertness, reduced appetite, paranoia

Cocaine intoxication manifestations

Dilated pupils, elevated BP & temp, hypervigilance, hyperactivity

Cocaine withdrawal

Depressed mood

Opioid withdrawal

Rhinorrhea, insomnia, tachycardia, hyperthermia, muscle spasms, hyperreflexia, diarrhea, increased RR

Opioid withdrawal medication

Methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone

Nicotine withdrawal medication

Varenicline, rimonabant

Alzheimer's disease

Impaired judgment, personality change, memory loss, confusion, medication management Rx: Memantine & Donepezil —> improves cognitive functioning

Stages of Alzheimer's

Stage 4 abile to identiy family, eats without assistance, difficulty managing personal finances and Stage 6 inability to identify family members

Delirium

Antianxiety prescription, low stimulation environment, lighting, decision-making limits

Dementia

Progressive cognitive function deterioration, loss of language ability