Chem 1 Unit Test - Sanders

1. ACCURACY

a description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured

2. ATOM

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element

3. CHEMICAL

any substance that has a defined composition

4. CHEMICAL CHANGE/REACTION

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances with different properties

5. CHEMICAL PROPERTY

a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions

6. CHEMISTRY

the scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

7. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

the branch of chemistry dealing with the identification of the components and composition of materials

8. BIOCHEMISTRY

the branch of chemistry dealing with the study of substances and processes occurring in living things

9. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

the branch of chemistry dealing with the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (i.e. organometallics)

10. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

the branch of chemistry dealing with the study of most carbon-containing compounds

11. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

the branch of chemistry dealing with the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy

12. THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY

the branch of chemistry dealing with the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds

13. COMPOUND

a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

14. CONTROL

the group in an experiment that does not receive treatment

15. CONVERSION FACTOR

a ratio that is derived from the equality of two different units and that can be used to convert from one unit to the other

16. DATA

descriptive or numerical information collected throughout the course of a scientific experiment

17. DENSITY

the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance; often expressed as grams per cubic centimeter for solids and liquids and as grams per liter for gases

18. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

a mathematical technique for studying dimensions of physical quantities

19. DIRECT PROPORTION

the relationship between two variables whose ratio is a constant value

20. DUCTILITY

the ability of a substance to be hammered thin or drawn out into a wire

21. ELEMENT

a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

22. EXTENSIVE PROPERTY

a property that depends on how much matter is present

23. GAS

a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape

24. HALOGEN

one of the elements of Group 17 (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine)

25. HYPOTHESIS

an explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested

26. INVERSE PROPORTION

the relationship between two variables whose product is constant

27. INTENSIVE PROPERTY

a property that does not depend on the amount of matter present, such as pressure, temperature, or density

28. LIQUID

the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape

29. MALLEABILITY

the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into a sheet

30. MASS

a measure of the amount of matter in an object

31. MATTER

anything that has mass and takes up space

32. METAL

an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well

33. METALLOID

an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals; sometimes referred to as a semiconductor

34. MIXTURE

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

35. HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE

a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout

36. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE

a mixture that is composed of dissimilar components

37. MODEL

a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept

38. NOBLE GAS

one of the elements of Group 18 of the periodic table that are unreactive (e.g. helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon);

39. NONMETAL

an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly and that does not form positive ions in an electrolytic solution

40. PERCENT ERROR

a figure that is calculated by subtracting the accepted value from the experimental value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100

41. PERIODIC TABLE

an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers such that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group

42. FAMILY (GROUP)

a vertical column of the periodic table

43. PERIOD

a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

44. PHYSICAL CHANGE

a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties

45. PHYSICAL PROPERTY

a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness

46. PLASMA

in physical science, a state of matter that starts as a gas and then becomes ionized; it consists of free-moving ions and electrons, it takes on an electric charge, and its properties differ from those of a solid, liquid, or gas

47. PRECISION

the exactness of a measurement; reproducibility

48. PRODUCT

a substance that forms in a chemical reaction

49. PURE SUBSTANCE

a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties

50. QUALITATIVE DATA

descriptive data; data not associated with numbers or amounts

51. QUANTITATIVE DATA

numerical data; data associated with quantities or measurements

52. QUANTITY

the amount of material

53. REACTANT

a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction

54. SCIENTIFIC METHOD

a series of steps followed to solve problems, including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions

55. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

a method of expressing a quantity as a number multiplied by 10 to the appropriate power

56. SI BASE UNITS

meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s), ampere (A), kelvin (K), mole (mol), candela (cd)

57. SI DERIVED UNITS

a unit derived by combining SI base units

58. SI MEASUREMENT

the International System of Units which is the measurement system accepted by scientists worldwide

59. SI PREFIXES

tera-, giga-, mega-, kilo-, hecto-, deka-, deci-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-, pico-, femto-, atto60. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES done based on the precision of the measurement

61. SOLID

the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed

62. SOLUTION

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase

63. SYSTEM

a set of particles or interacting components considered to be a distinct physical entity for the purpose of study

64. THEORY

an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning

65. VARIABLE

a factor that can change throughout the course of an experiment

66. VOLUME

a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space

67. WEIGHT

a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its value can change with the location of the object in the universe

60. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES: 

a prescribed decimal place that determines the amount of rounding off to be done based on the precision of the measurement