Unit 3 BIO

metabolism

all of the chemical reactions within each cell of an organism

chemical reactions

the breaks and forming of bonds between different substances during chemical changes

catabolic

break down larger molecules into simpler compounds → a release in energy = exergonic

anabolic

build larger molecules from smaller ones → requires consuming energy to do it = endergonic

activation energy

the amount of energy needed to make a chemical reaction start

reactant (substrate)

substances that are changed during a chemical reaction

product

substances that are made by a chemical reaction

endothermic

absorbs energy

exothermic

releases energy

enzyme

controls metabolic reactions. proteins that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

catalyst

substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered

active site

fits only one substrate

denaturation

enzyme’s active site gets deformed and loses its specific shape

energy is released when bonds are

broken

energy is absorbed when bonds are

formed

all reactions require energy to be

absorbed

what is the overall function of enzymes in biochemical reactions like photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

bind to substrates at an active site to break and form bonds rapidly without being consumed

know how to draw and label energy diagrams of biochemical reactions!! (Endo. and exo) including products, reactants, and activation energy!!!!

what are five factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions

temperature, pH, substrate concentration, catalysts, and competitive inhibitor

be able to interpret a diagram of the enzyme-substrate complex, indentifying the substrate, active site, enzyme, and products (know the 2 examples)!!!!

ATP

an energy-carrying molecule that carries/stores energy for cell functions

What is the purpose of ATP?

It is the main energy currency for the cell

know how to draw the structure and label the parts of a molecule of ATP!!!

Describe the ATP-ADP cycle

A lot of energy is stored in the bond between the last 2 phosphates. that energy is released when a phosphate group is removed and added to another molecule. ADP becomes ATP then when a phosphate group is added. Then ADP is recycled.

what is recycled?

ADP

what is not recycled?

3rd phosphate

what is the energy used for when a phosphate is removed, and where that energy initially comes from

the energy is released for cell processes. It comes back from broken down food.

why is the overall process of breaking down ATP considered exothermic?

it releases energy for the cell to use and becomes ADP and a phosphate

why is the overall process of forming ATP considered an endothermic process?

cells must join together ADP and a phosphate using energy from food

what is C6H12o6 + 6O2

glucose and oxygen gas

the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction is decreased by a

catalyst

if the activation energy of a biochemical reactions is lowered, then

the reaction will happen faster

in what process is ATP produced

cellular respiration

what is the function of the ATP model?

stores energy

energy is released from an ATP molecule for cellular processes when it?

removes a phosphate

what reaction directly provides chemical energy for most cell functions?

cellular respiration/ ATP→ ADP +P

a solution that has more solute than a cell is ? and will cause the cell to shrivel up

hypertonic

in which phase of the cell cycle is genetic material (DNA) replicated/duplicated?

S phase