The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1921: Negotiations and Terms

Flashcards covering the controversies surrounding the negotiations, terms, key figures, and aftermath of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921.

When was the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed, and which conflict did it end?

It was signed on 6 December 1921 and brought an end to the Anglo-Irish War (1919–1921).

Who led the five-member Irish delegation sent to London in October 1921?

Arthur Griffith.

What position did Éamon de Valera hold while remaining in Ireland during the Treaty talks?

President of the Dáil.

What instructions did Éamon de Valera give to the Irish delegation regarding their decision-making power?

He instructed them to negotiate for the greatest possible independence but expected them to refer important decisions back to Dublin.

According to Robert Barton, what threat did British Prime Minister David Lloyd George make if the Irish delegates rejected the Treaty?

Lloyd George threatened "immediate and terrible war."

Rather than a fully independent republic, what status did the Treaty grant to Ireland?

It established the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire, with its own parliament and government but maintaining a constitutional connection to Britain.

Under the terms of the Treaty, to whom did members of the new Irish parliament have to swear an Oath of Allegiance?

King George V.

What provision did the Treaty make regarding Northern Ireland and partition?

It allowed Northern Ireland to opt out of the Irish Free State and remain part of the United Kingdom, keeping the six counties governed separately.

What body was promised under the Treaty to examine the border of Northern Ireland?

A Boundary Commission.

Which three naval facilities did Britain retain control of under the Treaty Ports agreement?

Berehaven, Cobh, and Lough Swilly.

Which Irish politicians are cited as prominent supporters of the Treaty?

Michael Collins, Arthur Griffith, and W.T. Cosgrave.

Which Irish politicians are cited as prominent opponents of the Treaty?

Éamon de Valera, Cathal Brugha, and Liam Mellows.

What was the date and outcome of the Dáil vote on the Anglo-Irish Treaty?

On 7 January 1922, the Dáil voted to accept the Treaty by 64 votes to 57.

Who replaced Éamon de Valera as President of the Dáil after he resigned over the Treaty vote?

Arthur Griffith.

What conflict was ultimately caused by the divisions over the Anglo-Irish Treaty in June 1922?

The Irish Civil War.