Thẻ ghi nhớ: IEI-AD-Authority

mayor (n)

Sub-topic: State control.

The person who has been elected to lead the government of a town or city.

(The ............... said he would be keeping a close eye on the building to try and ensure the problem did not arise again.)

bureaucrat (n)

Sub-topic: State control.

Someone who works in a bureaucracy and uses official rules very strictly.

(We can't allow some government ............... to label you an unlawful combatant, and thereby keep you in custody indefinitely.)

prime minister/president

Sub-topic: State control.

The most important minister and leader of the government in some countries which have a parliament.

(Deference to the ............... has evolved into properly aggressive reporting.)

parliament (n)

Sub-topic: State control.

The group of people who are elected to make a country's laws and discuss important national affairs.

(The rigorous action by federal interior ministers has led to cross-party protests within the national ...............)

opposition (n)

Sub-topic: State control.

Strong disagreement with, or protest against, something such as a plan, law, or system.

(Finding ways of soothing political ............... to the dumping of highly radioactive waste could prove more difficult than solving the scientific problems.)

civil

Sub-topic: State control.

Relating to the people who live in a country.

(He did not, however, study canon or ............... law at this time and his Latin skill always remained somewhat rudimentary.)

pension (n)

Sub-topic: State control.

An amount of money paid regularly by the government or company to someone who does not work anymore, for example because they have reached the age when people stop working or because they are ill.

(Workers can pay money into an investment account weekly, monthly or whenever they can, accumulating a portable ............... fund.)

welfare (n)

Sub-topic: State control.

Help that is provided for people who have personal or social problems.

(Anna stopped getting ............... benefits when her husband landed a minimum-wage job.)

equitable (adj)

Sub-topic: State control.

Treating all people in a fair and equal way.

(Administrators can require student groups to obey a variety of reasonable regulations governing the ............... and responsible use of school facilities.)

provision (n)

Sub-topic: State control.

A condition in an agreement or law.

(These statements specify the educational and other ............... that are necessary to meet the pupil's particular needs.)

expenditure (n)

Sub-topic: Spending.

The total amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time.

(He pointed out that the 10m deficit was the accumulative effect of ............... exceeding income on important projects over the past few years.)

prosperity (n)

Sub-topic: Spending.

When people have money and everything that is needed for a good life.

(The chemical industry makes a crucial contribution to our health and ............... and to protection of the environment.)

sustainable (adj)

Sub-topic: Spending.

Able to continue without causing damage to the environment.

(The two governments will work together on solutions for environmental problems based on principles of environmentally ............... development.)

paramount (adj)

Sub-topic: Law.

Of the greatest importance.

(It is ............... that we find a solution to the problem of Internet piracy.)

devious (adj)

Sub-topic: Law.

Extremely clever in a dishonest way.

(Online criminals today are ..............., and use many different methods to deceive their victims.)

minutiae (n)

Sub-topic: Law.

Small details.

(Nobody really understands the ............... of the new tax code.)

grievance (n)

Sub-topic: Law.

An issue which makes people upset or angry for a long time.

(Some towns in the countryside have a ............... with central government because of land reform laws.)

informant (n)

Sub-topic: Law.

People who tell the police useful information about criminals in their area.

(The police paid the ............... for information about who organised the riots.)

deterrent (n)

Sub-topic: Law.

Sth that makes people not want to do something (verb = to deter).

(We have a guard dog as a ............... against intruders at night. It deters people from coming into our garden.)

tendency (n)

Sub-topic: Law.

Inclinations due to your character (usually negative).

(Some young people in cities have ............... towards graffiti and vandalism.)

bribery (n)

Sub-topic: Law.

The crime of giving money to officials to get something done (verb = to bribe someone).

(Defeat on the pitch can lead, and has led, to accusations not only of ............... but cowardice and even treason.)

lateral (adj)

Sub-topic: Law.

Relating to the sides of an object or plant or to sideways movement.

(Facebook and Google are great examples of companies that have grown on ............... thinking.)

law-abiding (adj)

Sub-topic: Law.

Following all the laws in a proper way.

(I am a ............... citizen. I never break the speed limit or any other laws.)

transcend (v)

Sub-topic: Law.

To go beyond the usual limits of sth.

(Many of the partnerships ............... school district boundaries because companies operate regionally, but they all had strong community roots.)

conviction (n)

Sub-topic: Law.

A decision in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime.

(Smith, who had no previous motoring ..............., had been rushing home to see his family when he hit another car.)

democracy (adj)

Sub-topic: Politics.

A system of government in which every citizen in the country can vote to elect its government officials.

(And when Strauss is mentioned in the press, he is typically described as a great defender of liberal ............... against totalitarian tyranny.)

ideology (n)

Sub-topic: Politics.

A set of beliefs on which a political or economic system is based, or which strongly influence the way people behave.

(In its triumphant heyday, the Thatcher coalition was held together both by ............... and by interest.)

house (n)

Sub-topic: Politics.

Part of a Parliarment.

(The American Congress is formed of the ............... of Representatives and the Senate.)

sanction (n)

Sub-topic: Politics.

Restrictions on trade with a country in order to try to influence its political development.

(Gorvernments often impose strict economic ............... on countries which abuse their power.)

republic (adj)

Sub-topic: Politics.

A system of government which is governed by elected representatives headed by an elected or nominated president.

(My part of the republican movement was to argue that becoming a ......................... was to signal to the world that we are our own men and women.)

totalitarian (adj)

Sub-topic: Politics.

Having total power and not allowing any opposition or personal freedom.

(The military junta abolished the constitution and set up a ............... régime.)